REVISED LIST OF VOCABULARY FOR HONORS EXAM 2010
1. Diligent 16. Reined 31. soughing
2. Adversity 17. Reprisal 32. obsequious
3. Obstinate 18. Purge 33. lineage
4. Frugal 19. Taut 34. nether
5. Prowess 20. Vile 35. wary
6. Surmised 21. Sluggishly 36. dispatch
7. Entreat 22. Averted 37. void
8. Dauntless 23. Roused 38. repented
9. Impedes 24. Chasm 39. forlorn
10. Rapt 25. supplicant
11. Plight 26. petulant
12. Verity 27. intimation
13. Temperate 28. ominous
14. Prate 29. obscure
15. Spawned 30. Irascible
There will be ONE set of matching and approximately 15 fill in the blank sentence completions.
Sunday, December 12, 2010
Saturday, December 11, 2010
The Things They Carried short summaries
The Things They Carried
Brief Story Summaries
The Things They Carried
Men carried whatever they need for survival, both physical and emotional.
Jimmy: pictures of girl; Ted: extra ammo;
Most carried emotions on the inside. “It was sad…the things men carried inside. The things men did or felt they had to do.”
Love
Jimmy tells Tim about Martha. He saw her again. They never got together. He still loves her.
Story is significant to show that soldiers needed something to hold on to. He may have loved her or he may have loved the idea of her.
Spin
Tim says, “On occasions the war was like a ping-pong ball. You could put a fancy spin on it, you could make it dance.”
Soldiers are remembered: Mitchell mails lice to USO; Norman and Henry play checkers every night; following a man to get through land mines; Ted adopting a puppy that Azar straps to a mine; worrying about medals and death
Tim, even after the fact at 43, wishes he didn’t feel so guilty and that there were also some peace stories.
“On the Rainy River”
Tim goes to Minnesota to the Rainy River that borders Canada. He nearly goes AWOL, and meets and old man named Elroy at the Tip Top Lodge who silently helps Tim work through it. Tim had received a draft notice on June 17, 1968 right after graduating from Macallister College. He did not want to go to war.
He struggles with the idea of war, and then ends with, “I would go to the war--I would kill and maybe die---because I was embarrassed not to.”
“Enemies”
Dave Jensen and Lee Strunk get into a fight because Lee stole Dave’s jackknife.
The story shows the violence between these two who are supposed to be friends.
“Friends”
Dave and Lee make a pact to kill each if one receives a “wheelchair” wound.
Lee stepped on a mortar. He freaks out when Dave comes, thinking he’ll kill him because of the pact, and now he doesn’t want to die. Dave comes over and swears not to kill him. The story ends with, “Later we heard that Strunk had died somewhere over Chu Lai, which seemed to relieve Dave Jensen of an enormous weight.”
“How to Tell a True War Story”
Rat has to write a letter to Kurt Lemon’s family regarding his death; he struggles. In between Tim explains to the reader what a war story is and is not: never moral, no virtue; it embarrasses you; if you are bothered by it or the obscenity, then you don’t care for truth…
They talk about listening while on patrol…how they hear things, like music, that can’t be there.Alone and in a foxhole can freak you out.
Rat tortures a baby water buffalo in a way to take out his frustration regarding Kurt’s death.
Cont…………>>>>>>
“War Story” cont.
Tim says those who pay attention to the animal instead of Rat’s loss or Kurt’s death, haven’t been listening. He uses some old lady as an example who tells Tim to “put it all behind me.” To her, and those who don’t get it, he says, “Because she wasn’t listening. It wasn’t a war story. It was a love story.”
“The Dentist”
Curt Lemon is terrified of the dentist. He refuses to go. Shows that even a macho soldier is afraid of every day things.
Finally, so he won’t be seen as unmanly, he has the dentist take out a perfectly good tooth.
“Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong”
Rat is the narrator.He tells the story he heard while on RR.
Mark Fossie brings his cute, blonde girlfriend ,just out of high school, to his platoon in Vietnam. She gets weird and starts going on patrol with the “Greenies” (special forces)…quits wearing makeup, bathing, wears face paint, a necklace of tongues even.
The story is unbelievable; that’s the point. War changes everyone. “You come over clean and you get dirty and then afterward it’s never the same.” ---Rat
“Stockings”
Henry Dobbins has a girlfriend. He wears her pantyhose around his neck as a good luck charm. She dumps him in October; he’s devastated, but wears them still saying, “ The magic doesn’t go away.”
“Church”
Alpha Company digs foxholes with some Buddhist monks watching. Kiowa says that they can’t set up IN the church. “It’s bad news…You don’t mess with churches.”
Religion is discussed a bit with Kiowa who says he grew up with it.
Henry gives the two monks some peaches and tells them to leave. Henry ends with, “All you can do is be nice. Treat them decent, you know.”
“The Man I Killed”
Story begins with a matter of fact description of a dead body.
Tim, the author, imagines the dead man’s life story and makes the guy real.
Tim shot him and can’t deal with the guilt. He says he’d surely have walked by, and he didn’t have to do it.
Kiowa says he had to do it; if HE didn’t, then someone else would have. He advises Tim to “Talk.”
“Ambush”
Tim’s daughter Kathleen, at 9, asks him if he’s ever killed anyone. He says that he wants to tell her what he remembers, but he wants her to stay a little girl, too.
He describes the event of killing the man again, but this time adds in his personal reflection and more guilt.
“Style”
A Vietnamese girl is found dancing after a village has been destroyed. Her family is gone.
Azar says he doesn’t “get it” and makes fun of her. Henry tells him to stop and have respect. Henry says, “all right then,…dance right.”
The point: You’ve got to have respect for death, even if it was your enemy and even if it was necessary; death is still a loss for someone.
“Speaking of Courage”
There’s little difference between courage and fear.
Norman goes to a lake and can’t believe that the rest of the US has gone on living normal life. He questions the value of his fighting; he thinks he will disappoint his father.
He feels guilt over Kiowa’s death.
He wants Tim to tell the story.
“Notes”
The previous story didn’t sit right with Norman, so Tim writes this version. He explains that he needed to rewrite and retell the story of Kiowa’s death. (see next story)
Norman kills himself at the YMCA in 1978.
“In the Field”
The platoon is on patrol and must settle for the night. The inexperienced Lt. Cross has them break near a sewage pit. We learn that Cross didn’t want this responsibility and feels unprepared as well.
Someone takes out a light and the enemy pounds them. Kiowa is hit and goes down under the sewage pit.
Everyone, especially Cross and Mitchell Sanders, feel guilty for not saving him, for letting the sewage get in the way of going after him.
“Good Form”
Tim says he’s 43 and an author and that “almost everything else is invented.” He wants the reader to focus on the story rather than is the story true.
Guilt takes over. Stories are told from different points of view. A story can have more than one truth.
“Field Trip”
Tim takes Kathleen to Vietnam. He visits the field where Kiowa died and places his moccasins in the mud pit. He tries to put the story to rest.
A Vietnamese man raises a shovel in a gesture of greeting and peace.
Tim says, “I felt something go shut in my heart while something else swung open.”
“The Ghost Soldiers”
In this story Tim tells the reader he was shot twice. The first time is in the side and Rat takes good care of him. He’s out for over three weeks; when he returns Rat is gone and Bobby Jorgensen is the new medic. Tim is shot in the butt and Jorgensen nearly kills him by not taking care of the wound properly.
As punishment, Tim and Azar scare Bobby with gunfire, flares, sandbags, etc.
“Night Life”
The night life is night patrol. They sleep during the day, move at night. Some had to use drugs to make it. The event bothers Rat. He can’t take the dark and quiet. He confesses to the others that he’s losing it, and the next morning he has shot himself in the foot. It’s so he can leave, but not die.
“The Lives of the Dead”
Stories preserve the lives of those who died in the war.War “wasn’t guts; I was scared”, which is probably the sentiment of many soldiers.
He recalls Linda in elementary school. She had cancer, lost her hair and wore a hat.First loss he recalls and the first funeral. He says, “We keep the dead alive with stories.”
His final words are, “…when I take a high leap into the dark and come down thirty years later, I realize it is as Tim trying to save Timmy’s life with a story.”
Brief Story Summaries
The Things They Carried
Men carried whatever they need for survival, both physical and emotional.
Jimmy: pictures of girl; Ted: extra ammo;
Most carried emotions on the inside. “It was sad…the things men carried inside. The things men did or felt they had to do.”
Love
Jimmy tells Tim about Martha. He saw her again. They never got together. He still loves her.
Story is significant to show that soldiers needed something to hold on to. He may have loved her or he may have loved the idea of her.
Spin
Tim says, “On occasions the war was like a ping-pong ball. You could put a fancy spin on it, you could make it dance.”
Soldiers are remembered: Mitchell mails lice to USO; Norman and Henry play checkers every night; following a man to get through land mines; Ted adopting a puppy that Azar straps to a mine; worrying about medals and death
Tim, even after the fact at 43, wishes he didn’t feel so guilty and that there were also some peace stories.
“On the Rainy River”
Tim goes to Minnesota to the Rainy River that borders Canada. He nearly goes AWOL, and meets and old man named Elroy at the Tip Top Lodge who silently helps Tim work through it. Tim had received a draft notice on June 17, 1968 right after graduating from Macallister College. He did not want to go to war.
He struggles with the idea of war, and then ends with, “I would go to the war--I would kill and maybe die---because I was embarrassed not to.”
“Enemies”
Dave Jensen and Lee Strunk get into a fight because Lee stole Dave’s jackknife.
The story shows the violence between these two who are supposed to be friends.
“Friends”
Dave and Lee make a pact to kill each if one receives a “wheelchair” wound.
Lee stepped on a mortar. He freaks out when Dave comes, thinking he’ll kill him because of the pact, and now he doesn’t want to die. Dave comes over and swears not to kill him. The story ends with, “Later we heard that Strunk had died somewhere over Chu Lai, which seemed to relieve Dave Jensen of an enormous weight.”
“How to Tell a True War Story”
Rat has to write a letter to Kurt Lemon’s family regarding his death; he struggles. In between Tim explains to the reader what a war story is and is not: never moral, no virtue; it embarrasses you; if you are bothered by it or the obscenity, then you don’t care for truth…
They talk about listening while on patrol…how they hear things, like music, that can’t be there.Alone and in a foxhole can freak you out.
Rat tortures a baby water buffalo in a way to take out his frustration regarding Kurt’s death.
Cont…………>>>>>>
“War Story” cont.
Tim says those who pay attention to the animal instead of Rat’s loss or Kurt’s death, haven’t been listening. He uses some old lady as an example who tells Tim to “put it all behind me.” To her, and those who don’t get it, he says, “Because she wasn’t listening. It wasn’t a war story. It was a love story.”
“The Dentist”
Curt Lemon is terrified of the dentist. He refuses to go. Shows that even a macho soldier is afraid of every day things.
Finally, so he won’t be seen as unmanly, he has the dentist take out a perfectly good tooth.
“Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong”
Rat is the narrator.He tells the story he heard while on RR.
Mark Fossie brings his cute, blonde girlfriend ,just out of high school, to his platoon in Vietnam. She gets weird and starts going on patrol with the “Greenies” (special forces)…quits wearing makeup, bathing, wears face paint, a necklace of tongues even.
The story is unbelievable; that’s the point. War changes everyone. “You come over clean and you get dirty and then afterward it’s never the same.” ---Rat
“Stockings”
Henry Dobbins has a girlfriend. He wears her pantyhose around his neck as a good luck charm. She dumps him in October; he’s devastated, but wears them still saying, “ The magic doesn’t go away.”
“Church”
Alpha Company digs foxholes with some Buddhist monks watching. Kiowa says that they can’t set up IN the church. “It’s bad news…You don’t mess with churches.”
Religion is discussed a bit with Kiowa who says he grew up with it.
Henry gives the two monks some peaches and tells them to leave. Henry ends with, “All you can do is be nice. Treat them decent, you know.”
“The Man I Killed”
Story begins with a matter of fact description of a dead body.
Tim, the author, imagines the dead man’s life story and makes the guy real.
Tim shot him and can’t deal with the guilt. He says he’d surely have walked by, and he didn’t have to do it.
Kiowa says he had to do it; if HE didn’t, then someone else would have. He advises Tim to “Talk.”
“Ambush”
Tim’s daughter Kathleen, at 9, asks him if he’s ever killed anyone. He says that he wants to tell her what he remembers, but he wants her to stay a little girl, too.
He describes the event of killing the man again, but this time adds in his personal reflection and more guilt.
“Style”
A Vietnamese girl is found dancing after a village has been destroyed. Her family is gone.
Azar says he doesn’t “get it” and makes fun of her. Henry tells him to stop and have respect. Henry says, “all right then,…dance right.”
The point: You’ve got to have respect for death, even if it was your enemy and even if it was necessary; death is still a loss for someone.
“Speaking of Courage”
There’s little difference between courage and fear.
Norman goes to a lake and can’t believe that the rest of the US has gone on living normal life. He questions the value of his fighting; he thinks he will disappoint his father.
He feels guilt over Kiowa’s death.
He wants Tim to tell the story.
“Notes”
The previous story didn’t sit right with Norman, so Tim writes this version. He explains that he needed to rewrite and retell the story of Kiowa’s death. (see next story)
Norman kills himself at the YMCA in 1978.
“In the Field”
The platoon is on patrol and must settle for the night. The inexperienced Lt. Cross has them break near a sewage pit. We learn that Cross didn’t want this responsibility and feels unprepared as well.
Someone takes out a light and the enemy pounds them. Kiowa is hit and goes down under the sewage pit.
Everyone, especially Cross and Mitchell Sanders, feel guilty for not saving him, for letting the sewage get in the way of going after him.
“Good Form”
Tim says he’s 43 and an author and that “almost everything else is invented.” He wants the reader to focus on the story rather than is the story true.
Guilt takes over. Stories are told from different points of view. A story can have more than one truth.
“Field Trip”
Tim takes Kathleen to Vietnam. He visits the field where Kiowa died and places his moccasins in the mud pit. He tries to put the story to rest.
A Vietnamese man raises a shovel in a gesture of greeting and peace.
Tim says, “I felt something go shut in my heart while something else swung open.”
“The Ghost Soldiers”
In this story Tim tells the reader he was shot twice. The first time is in the side and Rat takes good care of him. He’s out for over three weeks; when he returns Rat is gone and Bobby Jorgensen is the new medic. Tim is shot in the butt and Jorgensen nearly kills him by not taking care of the wound properly.
As punishment, Tim and Azar scare Bobby with gunfire, flares, sandbags, etc.
“Night Life”
The night life is night patrol. They sleep during the day, move at night. Some had to use drugs to make it. The event bothers Rat. He can’t take the dark and quiet. He confesses to the others that he’s losing it, and the next morning he has shot himself in the foot. It’s so he can leave, but not die.
“The Lives of the Dead”
Stories preserve the lives of those who died in the war.War “wasn’t guts; I was scared”, which is probably the sentiment of many soldiers.
He recalls Linda in elementary school. She had cancer, lost her hair and wore a hat.First loss he recalls and the first funeral. He says, “We keep the dead alive with stories.”
His final words are, “…when I take a high leap into the dark and come down thirty years later, I realize it is as Tim trying to save Timmy’s life with a story.”
Friday, November 19, 2010
Research writing rules and dos and don'ts
Research Writing Reminders
Your mantra: Writing research papers can be fun. Research is fun. Writing is fun. (Say it 3 times and it will be true!)
In text citations
Use author’s last name and page number (Jones 2).
Use the TITLE of the WORK if there is no author. This does not mean the article’s title, but the title of the book, website, etc. (Shakespeare’s Characters 88).
For a website where page numbers are not marked use only the author or the title of the website when no author is given.
Little things
When using a large quote, take out parts that are not relevant to your writing. These deleted parts have an ellipses. Ex: “…above all….be true.”
A very large quote should be blocked. This is MORE than 4 lines TYPED. When blocking indent twice, do not use quotation marks and put the period inside the citation. Most professors/teachers will see these warily. If you have block quoted, be certain that you are going above and beyond paper requirements in terms of length.
How much to cite?
In a research paper, every time you have utilized a source, you should cite it. This is always the case with direct quotes, but also applies when paraphrasing into your own words.
Cite directly after a quotation. If an entire paragraph comes from one source and is not directly quoted, you can cite at the end of a paragraph.
Citing….
Do not put two citations back to back. EX: (Jones 33) (Smith 111). Work it out so that the information is divided into two or more sentences so that it can be cited correctly.
With research, most paragraphs will have at least one citation.
Paraphrase into your own words when possible. Less than 1/8 of the entire length of the assignment should be direct quotes. Again, cite ANY information that was not your own originally, even if in your own words.
Works Cited
Sources are listed alphabetically.
Sources use reverse or “hanging” indentations.
Center the words “Works Cited.”
All sources on this page MUST be cited in the paper.
Any sources consulted but not cited must go on a separate page that is titled “Works Consulted.”
Format
Cover page: title, your name, date, class/professor’s name. If a professor prefers, the information can be put on page one at the top right. (I do not.)
Put last name and page in top right. Include a running title header in the top left. Set as HEADERS that are NOT in the text of the essay itself.
Avoid: cliché’, personal pronouns, ending with prepositions, using the word SO, etc.
Don’t forget to….
Use variety in word choice and sentence styles.
Use transitions not only at the beginning of a paragraph, but in the middle of a paragraph or as a sentence that leads into the next paragraph.
Use a topic sentence in each body paragraph.
Go beyond the five paragraph format.
What’s really important?
Organization: Connect ideas. Chunks of ideas don’t work unless there is a connection between them.
Introductions should be interesting.
Conclusions should be brief, used to briefly summarize, give a solution of sorts, and should not list the points like a grocery list. No grocery lists in the introduction either.
Read your paper. Leave time in between to go back and look at it later. Have someone else read it, too.
Finally…
While it is incredibly easy to find papers on the web, it is that easy for your professors/teachers to find them, too. There are, literally, hundreds of websites for teachers that will run an essay through a plagiarism detector. Even Google will locate phrases that have appeared elsewhere. It isn’t worth it. You will get a zero and possibly fail amongst other punishments.Universities are free to expel you and to not give a tuition refund.
Your mantra: Writing research papers can be fun. Research is fun. Writing is fun. (Say it 3 times and it will be true!)
In text citations
Use author’s last name and page number (Jones 2).
Use the TITLE of the WORK if there is no author. This does not mean the article’s title, but the title of the book, website, etc. (Shakespeare’s Characters 88).
For a website where page numbers are not marked use only the author or the title of the website when no author is given.
Little things
When using a large quote, take out parts that are not relevant to your writing. These deleted parts have an ellipses. Ex: “…above all….be true.”
A very large quote should be blocked. This is MORE than 4 lines TYPED. When blocking indent twice, do not use quotation marks and put the period inside the citation. Most professors/teachers will see these warily. If you have block quoted, be certain that you are going above and beyond paper requirements in terms of length.
How much to cite?
In a research paper, every time you have utilized a source, you should cite it. This is always the case with direct quotes, but also applies when paraphrasing into your own words.
Cite directly after a quotation. If an entire paragraph comes from one source and is not directly quoted, you can cite at the end of a paragraph.
Citing….
Do not put two citations back to back. EX: (Jones 33) (Smith 111). Work it out so that the information is divided into two or more sentences so that it can be cited correctly.
With research, most paragraphs will have at least one citation.
Paraphrase into your own words when possible. Less than 1/8 of the entire length of the assignment should be direct quotes. Again, cite ANY information that was not your own originally, even if in your own words.
Works Cited
Sources are listed alphabetically.
Sources use reverse or “hanging” indentations.
Center the words “Works Cited.”
All sources on this page MUST be cited in the paper.
Any sources consulted but not cited must go on a separate page that is titled “Works Consulted.”
Format
Cover page: title, your name, date, class/professor’s name. If a professor prefers, the information can be put on page one at the top right. (I do not.)
Put last name and page in top right. Include a running title header in the top left. Set as HEADERS that are NOT in the text of the essay itself.
Avoid: cliché’, personal pronouns, ending with prepositions, using the word SO, etc.
Don’t forget to….
Use variety in word choice and sentence styles.
Use transitions not only at the beginning of a paragraph, but in the middle of a paragraph or as a sentence that leads into the next paragraph.
Use a topic sentence in each body paragraph.
Go beyond the five paragraph format.
What’s really important?
Organization: Connect ideas. Chunks of ideas don’t work unless there is a connection between them.
Introductions should be interesting.
Conclusions should be brief, used to briefly summarize, give a solution of sorts, and should not list the points like a grocery list. No grocery lists in the introduction either.
Read your paper. Leave time in between to go back and look at it later. Have someone else read it, too.
Finally…
While it is incredibly easy to find papers on the web, it is that easy for your professors/teachers to find them, too. There are, literally, hundreds of websites for teachers that will run an essay through a plagiarism detector. Even Google will locate phrases that have appeared elsewhere. It isn’t worth it. You will get a zero and possibly fail amongst other punishments.Universities are free to expel you and to not give a tuition refund.
Macbeth notes for Honors English 4
Remember that you cannot have a printed copy of notes in your notebook for the end of the grading period notes test.
Macbeth
Published around 1603 as a way for Shakespeare to win favor with King James; James supposedly was a descendant of Banquo and was interested in witchcraft.
Takes place in Scotland around the year 1100. Most of the characters are real in history, but are portrayed differently in the play.
MACBETH: ACT 1
THE 3 WITCHES FORSEE THE FUTURE. FROM THE BEGINNING, THEY ARE MALICIOUS.
THE TRAITORS ON THE BATTLEFIELD WILL BE EXECUTED; MACBETH WILL BE GIVEN THE TITLE THANE OF CAWDOR BECAUSE OF HIS BRAVERY DURING BATTLE.
THE BLOODY CAPTAIN BROUGHT ALL OF THE NEWS.
Shakespeare’s Macbeth
The Witches
MACBETH ACT 1
MACBETH AND BANQUO DISCOVER THE WITCHES ON THE HEATH. HE IS REFERRED TO AS THANE OF GLAMIS, WHICH HE IS. HE IS THEN REFERRED TO AS THANE OF CAWDOR AND KING, WHICH HE IS NOT…YET.
BANQUO IS GIVEN 3 PARADOXICAL STATEMENTS: 1. LESSER THAN MACBETH, BUT GREATER 2. HAPPIER, BUT NOT SO HAPPY 3. NOT A KING, BUT WILL HAVE KINGS
MACBETH ACT 1
LADY MACBETH GETS THE NEWS FROM MACBETH IN A LETTER. SHE ASKS TO BE “MADE INSENSITIVE” TO WHAT SHE IS ABOUT TO DO; HER PLAN: SHE WILL DRUG GUARDS. MACBETH WILL USE GUARDS’ DAGGERS TO KILL DUNCAN. BLOOD ON GUARDS WILL MAKE THEM SEEM GUILTY.
MC. FEARS HIS WIFE’S PLOT B/C HE IS THE KING’S SUBJECT.
MC.’S FATAL FLAW WILL BE HIS LUST FOR POWER.
LIT ELEMENTS: A)THE PLAY IS WRITTEN IN BLANK VERSE (UNRHYMED IAMBIC PENTAMETER).B) A PARADOX IS A CONTRADICTION.
MACBETH:ACT 2
MC THINKS HE SEES A DAGGER; HE FEELS GUILT ALREADY, BUT DECIDES TO KILL DUNCAN ANYWAY.
MC HAS KILLED DUNCAN,BUT LADY MC TELLS HIM TO QUIT DWELLING ON IT; SHE’S THE ONE WHO REPLACES THE DAGGERS.
THE PORTER CALLS UPON THE DEVIL & IS UNAWARE OF THE CRIME(DRAMATIC IRONY). PORTER TAKES A LONG TIME TO ANSWER MACDUFF’S KNOCK; MACDUFF THINKS HE’S SLEEPING.
MACBETH: ACT 2 CONT.
MALCOLM &DONALBAIN FLEE FOR FEAR OF THEIR OWN LIVES AND BECAUSE SOME THINK THEY HAD SOMETHING TO DO WITH DUNCAN’S DEATH.
BANQUO MEETS W/ NOBLES TO DISCUSS THE MURDER.
OMENS ARE USED THROUGHOUT: SCREAMING, WILD HORSES; EARTHQUAKE; LENNOX IS FEARFUL BECAUSE OF THESE.
MCB. IS UNABLE TO PRAY/SAY AMEN; CAN’T SLEEP
`Banquo says he has had dreams; he fears there may be some truth.
MACBETH HAS GONE TO SCONE. HE WILL BE CROWNED KING THERE.
MACDUFF WILL RETURN HOME TO FIFE.
DUNCAN’S BODY WILL BE BURIED AT COLMEKILL, AN ISLAND WHERE ALL SCOTTISH KINGS ARE BURIED.
MACBETH ACT 3
BANQUO FEELS HOPEFUL THAT HIS SONS WILL BE KING.
MCB. discusses ‘BARREN SCEPTER’, WHICH IS AN OMEN THAT HE WON’T HAVE HEIRS TO THE THRONE.
MCB. TELLS 2 HIRED MURDERERS TO KEEP QUIET B/C HIS &BANQUO’S FRIENDS WOULD BE UPSET.
FLEANCE HAS ESCAPED; MCB.NERVOUS.
ACT 3 CONT.
MCB. TALKS TO BANQUO’S GHOST.
LENNOX IS NOW SARCASTIC & ALL NOBLES ARE SUSPICIOUS OF ALL EVENTS REGARDING MCB.
MCB KNOWS HE’S IN TROUBLE.
LIT ELE: SIMILE, METAPHOR, ETC IN THIS SECTION…
MACBETH ACT 4
HECATE MAKES MCB. OVERCONFIDENT AS SHE DECIDES TO GET INVOLVED WITH MAC’S RUIN.
WITCHES TELL MCB. TO CALL UPON THE APPARITIONS, BUT DON’T ASK TOO MUCH.
MCB. IS TOLD “NO ONE BORN OF WOMAN “ WILL HURT HIM. HE DECIDES TO KILL MACDUFF ANYWAY.
LADY MACDUFF DOESN’T LISTEN TO THE MESSENGER. HE WARNS HER TO FLEE AND SHE DOESN’T. IDENTITY IS UNKNOWN…
ACT 4 (CONT.)
MALCOLM PRETENDS HE IS TOO EVIL TO BECOME KING SO THAT HE CAN GET MACDUFF’S LOYALTY.MALCOLM AND MACDUFF VOW TO OVERTHROW MACBETH.
ROSS JOINS MALCOLM AND MACDUFF TO SAY THAT HE’S SORRY, BUT HE BRINGS BAD NEWS.
WHEN MACDUFF HEARS ABOUT HIS FAMILY’S FATE, MALCOLM TELLS HIM TO GET ANGRY AND DO SOMETHING.
ACT 4: C HARACTER INFO.
THERE ARE MESSENGERS AS FOLLOWS:
CROWNED CHILD: “Macbeth will not be vanquished until Birnam Wood marches to Dunsinane.”
BLOODY CHILD: “No man born of a woman will harm Macbeth.”
ACT 4 CHARACTERS (CONT.)
BANQUO’S GHOST:”The 8 ghostly kings are Banquo’s offspring.”
ARMED HEAD: “Beware of Macduff”
ROSS: “Macbeth has killed Macduff’s family”
ACT 5
THE GENTLEWOMAN REFUSES TO REPEAT LADY MACBETH’S SLEEP-TALK TO THE DOCTOR BECAUSE THERE ISN’T A WITNESS TO CONFIRM IT.SHE IS AFRAID THAT SHE’LL GET IN TROUBLE IF SOMEONE THINKS SHE LIES.
THE “DAMNED SPOT” THAT LADY MACBETH REFERS TO IS DUNCAN’S BLOODSTAIN.
MACBETH TRIES TO REASSURE HIMSELF THAT MALCOLM AND MACDUFF ARE NOT A THREAT TO HIM B/C THEY ARE BOTH BORN OF WOMEN.
ACT 5 (CONT.)
MACBETH’S REACTION WHEN LADY MACBETH DIES IS THAT LIFE IS REALLY JUST A PATH TO DEATH.
MACDUFF DECLARES THAT HE MUST KILL MACBETH B/C HE MUST AVENGE THE MURDERS.
ACT 5 (CONT.)
MACBETH REALIZES THE WITCHES DECEIVED HIM WITH THEIR MESSAGES.
MALCOLM IS ACKNOWLEDGED AS KING.
IMAGES OF DAGGERS, WOODS, AND CHILDREN ARE USED THROUGHOUT THE PLAY AS SYMBOLS AND OMENS OF EVIL AND SINISTER HAPPENINGS.
CHARACTERS, ACT 5
CHARACTERS’ REVELATION:
SEYTON: REVEALS THAT LADY MACBETH IS DEAD.
LADY MACBETH: REVEALS MURDERS OF LADY MACDUFF AND DUNCAN (in her sleep)
THE MESSENGER: REVEALS THAT BIRNAM WOOD IS APPROACHING THE CASTLE ( INVADERS)
CHARACTER REVELATIONS
MALCOLM:REVEALS THAT HIS SUPPORTERS WILL BE MADE EARLS (ROYAL TITLE)
PLAY IS WRITTEN IN BLANK VERSE, WHICH MAKES THE SPEAKERS SOUND MORE NATURAL IN TERMS OF THE RHYTHM OF THEIR SPEECH.
Lit Terms to know for the test:
Catalyst
Imagery
Tragic hero
Tragic flaw
Tragedy, comedy, history
Metaphor, simile, personification
Macbeth
Published around 1603 as a way for Shakespeare to win favor with King James; James supposedly was a descendant of Banquo and was interested in witchcraft.
Takes place in Scotland around the year 1100. Most of the characters are real in history, but are portrayed differently in the play.
MACBETH: ACT 1
THE 3 WITCHES FORSEE THE FUTURE. FROM THE BEGINNING, THEY ARE MALICIOUS.
THE TRAITORS ON THE BATTLEFIELD WILL BE EXECUTED; MACBETH WILL BE GIVEN THE TITLE THANE OF CAWDOR BECAUSE OF HIS BRAVERY DURING BATTLE.
THE BLOODY CAPTAIN BROUGHT ALL OF THE NEWS.
Shakespeare’s Macbeth
The Witches
MACBETH ACT 1
MACBETH AND BANQUO DISCOVER THE WITCHES ON THE HEATH. HE IS REFERRED TO AS THANE OF GLAMIS, WHICH HE IS. HE IS THEN REFERRED TO AS THANE OF CAWDOR AND KING, WHICH HE IS NOT…YET.
BANQUO IS GIVEN 3 PARADOXICAL STATEMENTS: 1. LESSER THAN MACBETH, BUT GREATER 2. HAPPIER, BUT NOT SO HAPPY 3. NOT A KING, BUT WILL HAVE KINGS
MACBETH ACT 1
LADY MACBETH GETS THE NEWS FROM MACBETH IN A LETTER. SHE ASKS TO BE “MADE INSENSITIVE” TO WHAT SHE IS ABOUT TO DO; HER PLAN: SHE WILL DRUG GUARDS. MACBETH WILL USE GUARDS’ DAGGERS TO KILL DUNCAN. BLOOD ON GUARDS WILL MAKE THEM SEEM GUILTY.
MC. FEARS HIS WIFE’S PLOT B/C HE IS THE KING’S SUBJECT.
MC.’S FATAL FLAW WILL BE HIS LUST FOR POWER.
LIT ELEMENTS: A)THE PLAY IS WRITTEN IN BLANK VERSE (UNRHYMED IAMBIC PENTAMETER).B) A PARADOX IS A CONTRADICTION.
MACBETH:ACT 2
MC THINKS HE SEES A DAGGER; HE FEELS GUILT ALREADY, BUT DECIDES TO KILL DUNCAN ANYWAY.
MC HAS KILLED DUNCAN,BUT LADY MC TELLS HIM TO QUIT DWELLING ON IT; SHE’S THE ONE WHO REPLACES THE DAGGERS.
THE PORTER CALLS UPON THE DEVIL & IS UNAWARE OF THE CRIME(DRAMATIC IRONY). PORTER TAKES A LONG TIME TO ANSWER MACDUFF’S KNOCK; MACDUFF THINKS HE’S SLEEPING.
MACBETH: ACT 2 CONT.
MALCOLM &DONALBAIN FLEE FOR FEAR OF THEIR OWN LIVES AND BECAUSE SOME THINK THEY HAD SOMETHING TO DO WITH DUNCAN’S DEATH.
BANQUO MEETS W/ NOBLES TO DISCUSS THE MURDER.
OMENS ARE USED THROUGHOUT: SCREAMING, WILD HORSES; EARTHQUAKE; LENNOX IS FEARFUL BECAUSE OF THESE.
MCB. IS UNABLE TO PRAY/SAY AMEN; CAN’T SLEEP
`Banquo says he has had dreams; he fears there may be some truth.
MACBETH HAS GONE TO SCONE. HE WILL BE CROWNED KING THERE.
MACDUFF WILL RETURN HOME TO FIFE.
DUNCAN’S BODY WILL BE BURIED AT COLMEKILL, AN ISLAND WHERE ALL SCOTTISH KINGS ARE BURIED.
MACBETH ACT 3
BANQUO FEELS HOPEFUL THAT HIS SONS WILL BE KING.
MCB. discusses ‘BARREN SCEPTER’, WHICH IS AN OMEN THAT HE WON’T HAVE HEIRS TO THE THRONE.
MCB. TELLS 2 HIRED MURDERERS TO KEEP QUIET B/C HIS &BANQUO’S FRIENDS WOULD BE UPSET.
FLEANCE HAS ESCAPED; MCB.NERVOUS.
ACT 3 CONT.
MCB. TALKS TO BANQUO’S GHOST.
LENNOX IS NOW SARCASTIC & ALL NOBLES ARE SUSPICIOUS OF ALL EVENTS REGARDING MCB.
MCB KNOWS HE’S IN TROUBLE.
LIT ELE: SIMILE, METAPHOR, ETC IN THIS SECTION…
MACBETH ACT 4
HECATE MAKES MCB. OVERCONFIDENT AS SHE DECIDES TO GET INVOLVED WITH MAC’S RUIN.
WITCHES TELL MCB. TO CALL UPON THE APPARITIONS, BUT DON’T ASK TOO MUCH.
MCB. IS TOLD “NO ONE BORN OF WOMAN “ WILL HURT HIM. HE DECIDES TO KILL MACDUFF ANYWAY.
LADY MACDUFF DOESN’T LISTEN TO THE MESSENGER. HE WARNS HER TO FLEE AND SHE DOESN’T. IDENTITY IS UNKNOWN…
ACT 4 (CONT.)
MALCOLM PRETENDS HE IS TOO EVIL TO BECOME KING SO THAT HE CAN GET MACDUFF’S LOYALTY.MALCOLM AND MACDUFF VOW TO OVERTHROW MACBETH.
ROSS JOINS MALCOLM AND MACDUFF TO SAY THAT HE’S SORRY, BUT HE BRINGS BAD NEWS.
WHEN MACDUFF HEARS ABOUT HIS FAMILY’S FATE, MALCOLM TELLS HIM TO GET ANGRY AND DO SOMETHING.
ACT 4: C HARACTER INFO.
THERE ARE MESSENGERS AS FOLLOWS:
CROWNED CHILD: “Macbeth will not be vanquished until Birnam Wood marches to Dunsinane.”
BLOODY CHILD: “No man born of a woman will harm Macbeth.”
ACT 4 CHARACTERS (CONT.)
BANQUO’S GHOST:”The 8 ghostly kings are Banquo’s offspring.”
ARMED HEAD: “Beware of Macduff”
ROSS: “Macbeth has killed Macduff’s family”
ACT 5
THE GENTLEWOMAN REFUSES TO REPEAT LADY MACBETH’S SLEEP-TALK TO THE DOCTOR BECAUSE THERE ISN’T A WITNESS TO CONFIRM IT.SHE IS AFRAID THAT SHE’LL GET IN TROUBLE IF SOMEONE THINKS SHE LIES.
THE “DAMNED SPOT” THAT LADY MACBETH REFERS TO IS DUNCAN’S BLOODSTAIN.
MACBETH TRIES TO REASSURE HIMSELF THAT MALCOLM AND MACDUFF ARE NOT A THREAT TO HIM B/C THEY ARE BOTH BORN OF WOMEN.
ACT 5 (CONT.)
MACBETH’S REACTION WHEN LADY MACBETH DIES IS THAT LIFE IS REALLY JUST A PATH TO DEATH.
MACDUFF DECLARES THAT HE MUST KILL MACBETH B/C HE MUST AVENGE THE MURDERS.
ACT 5 (CONT.)
MACBETH REALIZES THE WITCHES DECEIVED HIM WITH THEIR MESSAGES.
MALCOLM IS ACKNOWLEDGED AS KING.
IMAGES OF DAGGERS, WOODS, AND CHILDREN ARE USED THROUGHOUT THE PLAY AS SYMBOLS AND OMENS OF EVIL AND SINISTER HAPPENINGS.
CHARACTERS, ACT 5
CHARACTERS’ REVELATION:
SEYTON: REVEALS THAT LADY MACBETH IS DEAD.
LADY MACBETH: REVEALS MURDERS OF LADY MACDUFF AND DUNCAN (in her sleep)
THE MESSENGER: REVEALS THAT BIRNAM WOOD IS APPROACHING THE CASTLE ( INVADERS)
CHARACTER REVELATIONS
MALCOLM:REVEALS THAT HIS SUPPORTERS WILL BE MADE EARLS (ROYAL TITLE)
PLAY IS WRITTEN IN BLANK VERSE, WHICH MAKES THE SPEAKERS SOUND MORE NATURAL IN TERMS OF THE RHYTHM OF THEIR SPEECH.
Lit Terms to know for the test:
Catalyst
Imagery
Tragic hero
Tragic flaw
Tragedy, comedy, history
Metaphor, simile, personification
RGAD notes for AP lit
RGAD: Intro.
Existentialism: the individual as unique and alone in an indifferent, often hostile, environment; sense of meaningless; man’s inequality
Mood: tense; sense of foreboding
Characters: Rosencrantz; Guildenstern; players; Alfred; and various Hamlet characters
Allusion: to Hamlet
RGAD: Themes
Existential void: man can ask questions, but receives no answers; man is confused by several realms of reality
People lose their identity as they get caught up in life. Free will isn’t really free because we are moved by forces we don’t understand.
Man accepts. He is heroic because he submits to the forces he cannot understand.
RGAD: Themes
The protagonists (R & G) are puppets or absurd clowns. They are the heroes.
Death is just another realm; man dissolves into this darkness and disappears. Death is just the absence of being present.
Stoppard questions the presence of God or some power. No one can be sure…
RGAD: other important info.
Author: Tom Stoppard
Date: 1967
Play: tragi-comedy (both tragic and comical)
Play: a farce; theater of the absurd in terms of actions, plot, etc.
Setting: 12th c. Denmark; Elsinore
Devices: witty language; unknown focus; dialogue as repartee; word games
RGAD: act 1
RG seem confused as to their own identities. Why?
How do RG seem caught up in what they cannot control?
How does G. describe truth? (p. 39)
What do they think of Hamlet? Is it same or different from the orig. play?
RGAD: act 2
Who seems to be in control?
How do you know that RG are aware that they have no control? ( see p. 60)
What bothers the players? ( see p. 63)
What comments do RG make regarding the pornographic elements of the play? (see p. 65; 80)
How do they feel about life? (see p. 71)
What do RG want to know?
RGAD: act 2
What do RG realize on p. 79?
How do RG actually look at their own death at the end of the mime?
What feelings do RG have at the end of act 2? See p. 94…
RGAD: act 3
How do RG feel at the beginning of the act?
Are RG free of Hamlet and the other characters? How do you know?
Do they discover the letter? What happens?
Who else is on the boat? Why?
What do RG feel about their mission even after realizing the truth?
Review Ques.
Could RG have changed the outcome of their lives?
What generalizations can be made about the characters of RG?
How do you know RG are dead?
In what way is the play existential?
What comments are made about truth throughout the play?
Act 1
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are standing near Elsinore. They have been flipping a coin that continues to land exactly the same way for over 90 times eventually.
They discuss the fact that they have been “sent for” with no perception as to why.
They spend much of their down time in discussions regarding life, death, human nature, truth, etc. (existential ideas)
Act 1
Polonius, Gertrude, Claudius appear and suggest to R and G that they should determine the cause of Hamlet’s madness.
Uncertain of what to do, they practice together what they will say to Hamlet, play at “questions” game, etc.
When they meet Hamlet, he has the upper hand and they are disappointed with themselves.
Act 2
Hamlet and R & G have a conversation. They discuss the fact that they truly got little information from Hamlet.
They seem confused as to where they are or why they are there. This can be connected to the existentialist ideology.
They realize that they have little control over what is happening. “Wheels have been set in motion.”
Act 2
They hear Hamlet ask the players to perform the play.
The player also gives an philosophical statement with, “You don’t know the humiliation of it…to be tricked out of the single assumption which makes our existence viable---that somebody is watching.”
Death as a topic is discsussed, with Rosencrantz suggesting that death is really life, but in a box.
Act 2
Claudius and Gertrude question R & G. They try again to speak with Hamlet, but gain nothing.
The play is performed and the players explain what is happening in the dumb show that begins the play within the play.
R & G are sent to find the location of Polonius’s body. They seem confused again as to which way to go (again, existentialism). They see Hamlet dragging the body, but do nothing.
Finish off with, “I like to know where I am. Even if I don’t know where I am, I like to know that.”
Act 3
R & G wake up to sounds of the sea and darkness.
They seem nervous but also joyous at the freedom. “ Free to move, speak, extemporise, and yet. We have not been cut loose.”
They see Hamlet and know that they are holding a letter.
They seem to know that they are taking Hamlet to England, but have no idea of the consequences.
Act 3
They seem to have the notion that death is there, and that they should fear it. However, G. says that they should not give up. He suggests that death is “not being” and that it isn’t possible because they are on a boat. (He’s rationalizing that which cannot be rationalized.)
They hear music and realize that they players are on board, too. They say that they are in trouble for offending the king.
Act 3
They realize that Hamlet is gone. This brings up the additional realization that they are in big trouble. G says “death is not anything.” R says, “so that’s it, then, is it?”
They end with, “There must have been a moment, at the beginning, where we could have said---no. But somehow we missed it.”
R and G simply disappear. Last scene shows all of the dead bodies from the duel scene in Hamlet.
Existentialism: the individual as unique and alone in an indifferent, often hostile, environment; sense of meaningless; man’s inequality
Mood: tense; sense of foreboding
Characters: Rosencrantz; Guildenstern; players; Alfred; and various Hamlet characters
Allusion: to Hamlet
RGAD: Themes
Existential void: man can ask questions, but receives no answers; man is confused by several realms of reality
People lose their identity as they get caught up in life. Free will isn’t really free because we are moved by forces we don’t understand.
Man accepts. He is heroic because he submits to the forces he cannot understand.
RGAD: Themes
The protagonists (R & G) are puppets or absurd clowns. They are the heroes.
Death is just another realm; man dissolves into this darkness and disappears. Death is just the absence of being present.
Stoppard questions the presence of God or some power. No one can be sure…
RGAD: other important info.
Author: Tom Stoppard
Date: 1967
Play: tragi-comedy (both tragic and comical)
Play: a farce; theater of the absurd in terms of actions, plot, etc.
Setting: 12th c. Denmark; Elsinore
Devices: witty language; unknown focus; dialogue as repartee; word games
RGAD: act 1
RG seem confused as to their own identities. Why?
How do RG seem caught up in what they cannot control?
How does G. describe truth? (p. 39)
What do they think of Hamlet? Is it same or different from the orig. play?
RGAD: act 2
Who seems to be in control?
How do you know that RG are aware that they have no control? ( see p. 60)
What bothers the players? ( see p. 63)
What comments do RG make regarding the pornographic elements of the play? (see p. 65; 80)
How do they feel about life? (see p. 71)
What do RG want to know?
RGAD: act 2
What do RG realize on p. 79?
How do RG actually look at their own death at the end of the mime?
What feelings do RG have at the end of act 2? See p. 94…
RGAD: act 3
How do RG feel at the beginning of the act?
Are RG free of Hamlet and the other characters? How do you know?
Do they discover the letter? What happens?
Who else is on the boat? Why?
What do RG feel about their mission even after realizing the truth?
Review Ques.
Could RG have changed the outcome of their lives?
What generalizations can be made about the characters of RG?
How do you know RG are dead?
In what way is the play existential?
What comments are made about truth throughout the play?
Act 1
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are standing near Elsinore. They have been flipping a coin that continues to land exactly the same way for over 90 times eventually.
They discuss the fact that they have been “sent for” with no perception as to why.
They spend much of their down time in discussions regarding life, death, human nature, truth, etc. (existential ideas)
Act 1
Polonius, Gertrude, Claudius appear and suggest to R and G that they should determine the cause of Hamlet’s madness.
Uncertain of what to do, they practice together what they will say to Hamlet, play at “questions” game, etc.
When they meet Hamlet, he has the upper hand and they are disappointed with themselves.
Act 2
Hamlet and R & G have a conversation. They discuss the fact that they truly got little information from Hamlet.
They seem confused as to where they are or why they are there. This can be connected to the existentialist ideology.
They realize that they have little control over what is happening. “Wheels have been set in motion.”
Act 2
They hear Hamlet ask the players to perform the play.
The player also gives an philosophical statement with, “You don’t know the humiliation of it…to be tricked out of the single assumption which makes our existence viable---that somebody is watching.”
Death as a topic is discsussed, with Rosencrantz suggesting that death is really life, but in a box.
Act 2
Claudius and Gertrude question R & G. They try again to speak with Hamlet, but gain nothing.
The play is performed and the players explain what is happening in the dumb show that begins the play within the play.
R & G are sent to find the location of Polonius’s body. They seem confused again as to which way to go (again, existentialism). They see Hamlet dragging the body, but do nothing.
Finish off with, “I like to know where I am. Even if I don’t know where I am, I like to know that.”
Act 3
R & G wake up to sounds of the sea and darkness.
They seem nervous but also joyous at the freedom. “ Free to move, speak, extemporise, and yet. We have not been cut loose.”
They see Hamlet and know that they are holding a letter.
They seem to know that they are taking Hamlet to England, but have no idea of the consequences.
Act 3
They seem to have the notion that death is there, and that they should fear it. However, G. says that they should not give up. He suggests that death is “not being” and that it isn’t possible because they are on a boat. (He’s rationalizing that which cannot be rationalized.)
They hear music and realize that they players are on board, too. They say that they are in trouble for offending the king.
Act 3
They realize that Hamlet is gone. This brings up the additional realization that they are in big trouble. G says “death is not anything.” R says, “so that’s it, then, is it?”
They end with, “There must have been a moment, at the beginning, where we could have said---no. But somehow we missed it.”
R and G simply disappear. Last scene shows all of the dead bodies from the duel scene in Hamlet.
comparison contrast essay rubric
Dimension 1:
Grammar and mechanics There are no more than 2 total errors and none of them are fragments or run on sentences There are 2-4 errors and none are fragments or run on sentences There are 5-8 errors in total. There are more than 8 total errors.
Dimension 2:
Focus; thesis;
organization Thesis is clear and concise; transitions are used; clear focus throughout Some focus issues that are not too distracting; fuzzy thesis; still organized Organization issues including paragraphing; thesis unclear; transitions are elementary Major errors in organization; thesis is not there or vague; no use of transitions
Dimension 3:
Support; examples; discussion There are multiple examples of support There may be just one example per paragraph. There are some examples of support, but not in all paragraphs. There is very little support, detail or example.
Dimension 4:
Introduction; conclusion The intro. Is catchy; contains thesis; matches the conclusion; sophisticated Intro and conclusion do their job Intro and conclusion are present but inadequate for paper’s style Either or both are absent or unrecognizable in purpose
Dimension 5:
Content; ideas Full discussion of ideas; clarity; sophisticated style Slightly less sophisticated than a “4” score Paper is adequate in content without going above and beyond; style issues Paper has major issues in content, areas left out, incomplete thoughts, etc.
“Comparison/Contrast Essay”
Dimension 6: Word Sophisticated words;
Choice/Sent. Style much variety in style Some variety in vocab
And sent. Style Basic sent. Style not at level
Automatic Deductions:
Incorrect use of font; typestyle; margins; cover page; spacing_DEDUCT UP TO 15_______________
Incorrect length of essay (less than 2 full pages)DEDUCT_UP to 50____________
Essays of 2 full pages will receive a maximum “B” grade; 3 full pages or more can/MAY receive an “A” grade
Total Score___________/150
Grammar and mechanics There are no more than 2 total errors and none of them are fragments or run on sentences There are 2-4 errors and none are fragments or run on sentences There are 5-8 errors in total. There are more than 8 total errors.
Dimension 2:
Focus; thesis;
organization Thesis is clear and concise; transitions are used; clear focus throughout Some focus issues that are not too distracting; fuzzy thesis; still organized Organization issues including paragraphing; thesis unclear; transitions are elementary Major errors in organization; thesis is not there or vague; no use of transitions
Dimension 3:
Support; examples; discussion There are multiple examples of support There may be just one example per paragraph. There are some examples of support, but not in all paragraphs. There is very little support, detail or example.
Dimension 4:
Introduction; conclusion The intro. Is catchy; contains thesis; matches the conclusion; sophisticated Intro and conclusion do their job Intro and conclusion are present but inadequate for paper’s style Either or both are absent or unrecognizable in purpose
Dimension 5:
Content; ideas Full discussion of ideas; clarity; sophisticated style Slightly less sophisticated than a “4” score Paper is adequate in content without going above and beyond; style issues Paper has major issues in content, areas left out, incomplete thoughts, etc.
“Comparison/Contrast Essay”
Dimension 6: Word Sophisticated words;
Choice/Sent. Style much variety in style Some variety in vocab
And sent. Style Basic sent. Style not at level
Automatic Deductions:
Incorrect use of font; typestyle; margins; cover page; spacing_DEDUCT UP TO 15_______________
Incorrect length of essay (less than 2 full pages)DEDUCT_UP to 50____________
Essays of 2 full pages will receive a maximum “B” grade; 3 full pages or more can/MAY receive an “A” grade
Total Score___________/150
Monday, October 25, 2010
Hamlet notes and information
Hamlet Background
Written between 1599-1601.
The historical background dates to the 12th century.
A tragedy with Hamlet as the tragic hero, with revenge as the tragic flaw.
Setting: Denmark; 12th century; Royal castle called Elsinore
Hamlet Characters (cont. on slide 4)
Hamlet: prince of Denmark
Claudius: King of Denmark; uncle to Prince Hamlet
Gertrude: queen; Prince’s mother
Polonius: govt; official to Claudius
Horatio: Prince’s friend
Laertes: son to Polonius
Ophelia: former love to Prince H; daughter to Polonius
Young Fortinbras: Prince of Norway
Genre Information
Genre: tragedy
Characteristics:1. a tragic hero who is genuinely a good person but who has a flaw that sets into motion the action of the play.
Use of soliloquy and asides to pass on necessary information (I.e. Hamlet’s “to be or not to be…”)
Hamlet Characters
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern: schoolmates of Prince
Osric: messenger
Voltimand and Cornelius: ambassadors from Norway
Marcellus, Bernardo and Francisco: castle guards
Reynaldo: servant to Polonius; sent to spy on Laertes
Grave diggers: comic relief in the play
Ghost: King Hamlet; father to Prince H.
Symbols and Themes (to be completed by you…)
Symbols:
1. Yorick’s skull
2. Ophelia’s flowers
3. Clothing
4. Mourning colors/black
5. poison
Themes: 1. Deceit
2. Appearance vs. reality
3. Family relationships
4. Death and its impact on the living
5. Revenge
6. friendship
Act 1 (Hamlet means prince; ghost refers to King Hamlet)
Francisco is on guard duty. Bernardo relieves him and is joined by Horatio and Marcellus, who see the ghost, but it won’t speak to them.
King and Queen hold court, and Laertes is given permission to return to school in Paris.
K/Q tell H To get over his dad’s death.
Act 1
In his soliloquy, Hamlet reveals his sadness over his father’s death and mother’s quick marriage.
Hamlet is told of the ghost.
Laertes tells Ophelia to stay away from Hamlet.
Polonius gives Laertes all sorts of advice.
Act 1
There is a party in the castle.
Horatio, Marcellus and Hamlet are outside the castle when the ghost appears.
Hamlet follows the ghost; it is dead King Hamlet. The ghost tells Hamlet to avenge his death (Claudius killed him), but not to harm Gertrude.
Horatio and Marcellus have heard the conversation.
Act 2
Reynaldo is sent to spy on Laertes in Paris. Polonius doesn’t really trust his son.
Prince Hamlet has begun to act “mad.” The debate is whether he really is mad or just acting. Polonius thinks the behavior is lovesickness over Ophelia.
R and G are asked by the king to spy on Hamlet and to find out reason behind his madness.
Act 2
Polonius enters and says that Hamlet’s strange behavior is because of Ophelia’s rejection of him, but Claudius disagrees and wants proof.
Claudius and Polonius plan for Ophelia to meet Hamlet and speak to him while they hide and listen in.
R and G admit to Hamlet that they have been told to spy.
Act 2
Actors come to the castle to perform. Hamlet seizes this opportunity and asks them to perform a specific play, “The Murder of Gonzago.” He asks one player to insert 12-16 lines that he will add to the original play.
Hamlet feels that the play will reveal the guilt of Claudius. “The play’s the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king.”
Act 3
R and G tell the king that they aren’t sure of Hamlet’s behavior.
Hamlet’s soliloquy reveals his confusion, whether he should kill himself or Claudius. Religious reasons hold him back.
Hamlet denies ever loving Ophelia, perhaps to save her from the doom he knows is coming.
Act 3
Polonius is no longer convinced of Hamlet’s lovesickness.
During the play, Claudius leaves when the murderer puts poison in the actor king’s ear. Hamlet sees it as an admission of guilt. Hamlet will focus on his revenge against Claudius.
Claudius reveals that he intends to send Hamlet to England.
Act 3
Gertrude wants to speak to her son before he leaves . Hamlet goes to her chambers, while Polonius hides behind the arras to listen in. When she cries out, Hamlet stabs the arras, thinking it’s Claudius.
When he realizes it’s Polonius, he takes the body away and hides it. Everyone thinks Hamlet is mad for real.
Act 4
The queen reveals the death of Polonuis.Claudius orders the body of Polonius found.
Claudius says Hamlet must be sent away.
King tells Hamlet that he’s being sent to England; R and G are ordered to go with him to see that he gets there.
In a soliloquy, Claudius reveals that Hamlet will be put to death in England.
Act 4
Fortinbras and an army cross Denmark. King Fortinbras was defeated by old King Hamlet, and Norway lost some land to Denmark. So, Prince Fortinbras had a vendetta to get Denmark. However, a truce was settled and now Denmark agrees to let Norway cross Danish territory on their way to Poland to fight over a fairly worthless piece of land.
Act 5
Ophelia has drowned…suicide.
Grave diggers discuss whether she deserves a Christian burial; one thinks she doesn’t since she committed suicide.
They speak with Hamlet and Horatio, not knowing who Hamlet is.
They pull up skulls, which cause Hamlet to reflect upon life/death, etc.
Act5
One skull belonged to Yorick, the king’s jester when Hamlet was a child.
The funeral procession comes. Laertes and Hamlet get into a scuffle on the grave. Hamlet says that he truly loved Ophelia. Queen declares Hamlet mad.
Hamlet leaves, and Claudius reminds Laertes that he can soon get revenge.
Act 5
Hamlet lets it be known that he has returned; he had earlier sent a message to Horatio. Now he reveals that his ship was attacked, and he was the only one to escape. He rewrote the letter to England, which now says that R and G (the bearers of the letter) are to be put to death.
Act 5
Osric brings the duel challenge from Laertes. Laertes and Claudius have a plan to “fix” the duel with poisoned swords and drinks.
Hamlet begins by apologizing to Laertes, but L. doesn’t accept. The duel. Gertrude drinks the poisoned wine by accident. Laertes scrapes Hamlet with the poisoned sword.
Act 5
Hamlet and Laertes mistakenly exchange swords, and Hamlet strikes at Laertes (with the poisoned sword).
Gertrude realizes that she has been poisoned. Laertes also admits his role in the chaos.
Hamlet lunges at Claudius and kills him.
Act 5
Fortinbras is named as king of Denmark ( no one else left in succession).
Horatio summarizes the tragedy.
Hamlet is to be given a hero’s burial.
DEAD PEOPLE: King Hamlet, Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Ophelia, Gertrude, Claudius, Prince Hamlet, and Laertes…
Written between 1599-1601.
The historical background dates to the 12th century.
A tragedy with Hamlet as the tragic hero, with revenge as the tragic flaw.
Setting: Denmark; 12th century; Royal castle called Elsinore
Hamlet Characters (cont. on slide 4)
Hamlet: prince of Denmark
Claudius: King of Denmark; uncle to Prince Hamlet
Gertrude: queen; Prince’s mother
Polonius: govt; official to Claudius
Horatio: Prince’s friend
Laertes: son to Polonius
Ophelia: former love to Prince H; daughter to Polonius
Young Fortinbras: Prince of Norway
Genre Information
Genre: tragedy
Characteristics:1. a tragic hero who is genuinely a good person but who has a flaw that sets into motion the action of the play.
Use of soliloquy and asides to pass on necessary information (I.e. Hamlet’s “to be or not to be…”)
Hamlet Characters
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern: schoolmates of Prince
Osric: messenger
Voltimand and Cornelius: ambassadors from Norway
Marcellus, Bernardo and Francisco: castle guards
Reynaldo: servant to Polonius; sent to spy on Laertes
Grave diggers: comic relief in the play
Ghost: King Hamlet; father to Prince H.
Symbols and Themes (to be completed by you…)
Symbols:
1. Yorick’s skull
2. Ophelia’s flowers
3. Clothing
4. Mourning colors/black
5. poison
Themes: 1. Deceit
2. Appearance vs. reality
3. Family relationships
4. Death and its impact on the living
5. Revenge
6. friendship
Act 1 (Hamlet means prince; ghost refers to King Hamlet)
Francisco is on guard duty. Bernardo relieves him and is joined by Horatio and Marcellus, who see the ghost, but it won’t speak to them.
King and Queen hold court, and Laertes is given permission to return to school in Paris.
K/Q tell H To get over his dad’s death.
Act 1
In his soliloquy, Hamlet reveals his sadness over his father’s death and mother’s quick marriage.
Hamlet is told of the ghost.
Laertes tells Ophelia to stay away from Hamlet.
Polonius gives Laertes all sorts of advice.
Act 1
There is a party in the castle.
Horatio, Marcellus and Hamlet are outside the castle when the ghost appears.
Hamlet follows the ghost; it is dead King Hamlet. The ghost tells Hamlet to avenge his death (Claudius killed him), but not to harm Gertrude.
Horatio and Marcellus have heard the conversation.
Act 2
Reynaldo is sent to spy on Laertes in Paris. Polonius doesn’t really trust his son.
Prince Hamlet has begun to act “mad.” The debate is whether he really is mad or just acting. Polonius thinks the behavior is lovesickness over Ophelia.
R and G are asked by the king to spy on Hamlet and to find out reason behind his madness.
Act 2
Polonius enters and says that Hamlet’s strange behavior is because of Ophelia’s rejection of him, but Claudius disagrees and wants proof.
Claudius and Polonius plan for Ophelia to meet Hamlet and speak to him while they hide and listen in.
R and G admit to Hamlet that they have been told to spy.
Act 2
Actors come to the castle to perform. Hamlet seizes this opportunity and asks them to perform a specific play, “The Murder of Gonzago.” He asks one player to insert 12-16 lines that he will add to the original play.
Hamlet feels that the play will reveal the guilt of Claudius. “The play’s the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king.”
Act 3
R and G tell the king that they aren’t sure of Hamlet’s behavior.
Hamlet’s soliloquy reveals his confusion, whether he should kill himself or Claudius. Religious reasons hold him back.
Hamlet denies ever loving Ophelia, perhaps to save her from the doom he knows is coming.
Act 3
Polonius is no longer convinced of Hamlet’s lovesickness.
During the play, Claudius leaves when the murderer puts poison in the actor king’s ear. Hamlet sees it as an admission of guilt. Hamlet will focus on his revenge against Claudius.
Claudius reveals that he intends to send Hamlet to England.
Act 3
Gertrude wants to speak to her son before he leaves . Hamlet goes to her chambers, while Polonius hides behind the arras to listen in. When she cries out, Hamlet stabs the arras, thinking it’s Claudius.
When he realizes it’s Polonius, he takes the body away and hides it. Everyone thinks Hamlet is mad for real.
Act 4
The queen reveals the death of Polonuis.Claudius orders the body of Polonius found.
Claudius says Hamlet must be sent away.
King tells Hamlet that he’s being sent to England; R and G are ordered to go with him to see that he gets there.
In a soliloquy, Claudius reveals that Hamlet will be put to death in England.
Act 4
Fortinbras and an army cross Denmark. King Fortinbras was defeated by old King Hamlet, and Norway lost some land to Denmark. So, Prince Fortinbras had a vendetta to get Denmark. However, a truce was settled and now Denmark agrees to let Norway cross Danish territory on their way to Poland to fight over a fairly worthless piece of land.
Act 5
Ophelia has drowned…suicide.
Grave diggers discuss whether she deserves a Christian burial; one thinks she doesn’t since she committed suicide.
They speak with Hamlet and Horatio, not knowing who Hamlet is.
They pull up skulls, which cause Hamlet to reflect upon life/death, etc.
Act5
One skull belonged to Yorick, the king’s jester when Hamlet was a child.
The funeral procession comes. Laertes and Hamlet get into a scuffle on the grave. Hamlet says that he truly loved Ophelia. Queen declares Hamlet mad.
Hamlet leaves, and Claudius reminds Laertes that he can soon get revenge.
Act 5
Hamlet lets it be known that he has returned; he had earlier sent a message to Horatio. Now he reveals that his ship was attacked, and he was the only one to escape. He rewrote the letter to England, which now says that R and G (the bearers of the letter) are to be put to death.
Act 5
Osric brings the duel challenge from Laertes. Laertes and Claudius have a plan to “fix” the duel with poisoned swords and drinks.
Hamlet begins by apologizing to Laertes, but L. doesn’t accept. The duel. Gertrude drinks the poisoned wine by accident. Laertes scrapes Hamlet with the poisoned sword.
Act 5
Hamlet and Laertes mistakenly exchange swords, and Hamlet strikes at Laertes (with the poisoned sword).
Gertrude realizes that she has been poisoned. Laertes also admits his role in the chaos.
Hamlet lunges at Claudius and kills him.
Act 5
Fortinbras is named as king of Denmark ( no one else left in succession).
Horatio summarizes the tragedy.
Hamlet is to be given a hero’s burial.
DEAD PEOPLE: King Hamlet, Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Ophelia, Gertrude, Claudius, Prince Hamlet, and Laertes…
Thursday, July 8, 2010
The Metamorphosis
Franz Kafka
1883-1924
Lived in Prague, Czechoslovakia
Jewish
Worked selling insurance, writing on the side
The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917, with the communist takeover of Russia and Eastern Europe to follow in the years to come. This short story/novella takes place as these events are still in development and infancy, and capitalism is a unique idea in this part of the world.
Kafka (Cont.)
Kafka wrote much about man’s struggle to survive in a world of political upheavals.
Kafka” died in 1924 before the major changes in Europe occurred in the 1930s-1940s.
Several of his family members died in concentration camps in the 1940s.
Symbols
The number 3: segments of a bug; parts of the story
Boss/work: employer looks down on employees; consequences of capitalism
Woman’s picture/couch: last elements of “humanness” in Gregor’s room
Time/clock: human acceptance of time as running one’s life
Themes
Gregor as a universal human: Man lives a life of futility in an absurd, barren world that lacks true meaning.
Faceless forces: These faceless forces crush man and his ability to be successful.
As a religious allegory: God causes suffering; Man must endure.
Capitalism is evil: Look what happens to a man who works hard and is dedicated. Greedy, money hungry evil businesses will be the world’s ruin.
Characters
Gregor Samsa: protagonist; works hard; turns into a dung beetle; the main wage earner
Grete: Gregor’s sister; she plays the violin; she relies on Gregor; he was to send her to music school
Mother: quiet; allows father to run the house; freaks out but still loves Gregor
Father: doesn’t work; gets mad at Gregor for being a bug; low self esteem that turns to violence
Characters
Charwoman: the maid who must clean up after Gregor after mom refuses to and sister gives up
Chief clerk: one of the employees in Gregor’s office
Boss: Gregor’s boss who doesn’t understand why he isn’t at work; accuses Gregor of some wrongdoing
Significance
An early attempt at the bizarre. The story does not follow typical literary conventions. The characters are not as developed as in a novel, but the reader is given more information regarding characters and their aspirations.
Kafka’s characters are both dynamic and static. He uses the bizarre to make a point or to suggest what might happen if his society continues in the direction of capitalism or socialism. In other words, he suggests neither as positive, just what might happen if one takes control.
“The Metamorphosis”
Chapter 1:
Protagonist is Gregor Samsa, a salesman.
He wakes to discover that he has changed. He’s a dung beetle. He stays in his room as mother, father and sister knock and try to get him out.
Gregor worries that they’ll know because his voice is different.
“The Metamorphosis”
Chapter 1 cont.:
Gregor cannot get out of bed or roll over. He thinks his new state is all a dream (he hopes so anyway.)
He is late for work, and tries completely to ignore his situation. He hates his job, but it’s his only source of “being.”
He still lives at home, but is an adult (just like Kafka.)
“The Metamorphosis”
Chapter 1 cont.: The chief clerk tries to talk sense into Gregor saying that he’s worrying his family.
Gregor’s speech is now no longer understandable, but he is able to open the door. This causes Gregor’s mother to panic and the clerk leaves (after telling about Gregor’s poor work habits of late).
“The Metamorphosis”
Gregor is shoved back into his room with a stick the clerk has left behind. All is then silent.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 2
Gregor’s sister Grete has brought him a bowl of milk with bread in it, but he finds it distasteful.
He finds food in the trash and cries because of his own hunger.
Grete brings him food each day and cleans his room. She leaves a chair by the window for Gregor to look out the window.
“The Metamorphosis” ch 2
His mother and father won’t come in and Grete prides herself on being able to look after Gregor, but she doesn’t like the sight of him, so he hides under a sheet.
The family had been supported by Gregor’s job. Gregor wanted to help send Grete to music school.
Gregor’s new pastime is crawling the walls.
“The Metamorphosis” ch 2
While moving the furniture, Gregor shocks his mother, and is cut by a falling bottle. When the father comes home, he chases Gregor around the room, throwing apples at him. Gregor is injured.
Gregor loses consciousness with his mother crying at his side.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 3
3 months have passed, total. (1 since ch 2)
Mother, father and sister are all working and are in good health, but they are overworked. They begin to become indifferent to Gregor.
Gregor’s room is filthy as no one spends any time with him.
A char woman (maid of sorts) is hired to clean and she makes comments to Gregor.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 3
3 boarders are taken in and Grete plays for them. Gregor moves toward her music and the borders are disgusted.
They want to be rid of Gregor.
He returns to his room and dies there at 3 in the morning. The maid finds him dead. The body is taken away. The boarders are told to leave.
The family goes out for a walk.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 3
The family decides to move. The parents look at Grete and mention about how she has changed.
No mention is made of Gregor or their loss.
1883-1924
Lived in Prague, Czechoslovakia
Jewish
Worked selling insurance, writing on the side
The Russian Revolution occurred in 1917, with the communist takeover of Russia and Eastern Europe to follow in the years to come. This short story/novella takes place as these events are still in development and infancy, and capitalism is a unique idea in this part of the world.
Kafka (Cont.)
Kafka wrote much about man’s struggle to survive in a world of political upheavals.
Kafka” died in 1924 before the major changes in Europe occurred in the 1930s-1940s.
Several of his family members died in concentration camps in the 1940s.
Symbols
The number 3: segments of a bug; parts of the story
Boss/work: employer looks down on employees; consequences of capitalism
Woman’s picture/couch: last elements of “humanness” in Gregor’s room
Time/clock: human acceptance of time as running one’s life
Themes
Gregor as a universal human: Man lives a life of futility in an absurd, barren world that lacks true meaning.
Faceless forces: These faceless forces crush man and his ability to be successful.
As a religious allegory: God causes suffering; Man must endure.
Capitalism is evil: Look what happens to a man who works hard and is dedicated. Greedy, money hungry evil businesses will be the world’s ruin.
Characters
Gregor Samsa: protagonist; works hard; turns into a dung beetle; the main wage earner
Grete: Gregor’s sister; she plays the violin; she relies on Gregor; he was to send her to music school
Mother: quiet; allows father to run the house; freaks out but still loves Gregor
Father: doesn’t work; gets mad at Gregor for being a bug; low self esteem that turns to violence
Characters
Charwoman: the maid who must clean up after Gregor after mom refuses to and sister gives up
Chief clerk: one of the employees in Gregor’s office
Boss: Gregor’s boss who doesn’t understand why he isn’t at work; accuses Gregor of some wrongdoing
Significance
An early attempt at the bizarre. The story does not follow typical literary conventions. The characters are not as developed as in a novel, but the reader is given more information regarding characters and their aspirations.
Kafka’s characters are both dynamic and static. He uses the bizarre to make a point or to suggest what might happen if his society continues in the direction of capitalism or socialism. In other words, he suggests neither as positive, just what might happen if one takes control.
“The Metamorphosis”
Chapter 1:
Protagonist is Gregor Samsa, a salesman.
He wakes to discover that he has changed. He’s a dung beetle. He stays in his room as mother, father and sister knock and try to get him out.
Gregor worries that they’ll know because his voice is different.
“The Metamorphosis”
Chapter 1 cont.:
Gregor cannot get out of bed or roll over. He thinks his new state is all a dream (he hopes so anyway.)
He is late for work, and tries completely to ignore his situation. He hates his job, but it’s his only source of “being.”
He still lives at home, but is an adult (just like Kafka.)
“The Metamorphosis”
Chapter 1 cont.: The chief clerk tries to talk sense into Gregor saying that he’s worrying his family.
Gregor’s speech is now no longer understandable, but he is able to open the door. This causes Gregor’s mother to panic and the clerk leaves (after telling about Gregor’s poor work habits of late).
“The Metamorphosis”
Gregor is shoved back into his room with a stick the clerk has left behind. All is then silent.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 2
Gregor’s sister Grete has brought him a bowl of milk with bread in it, but he finds it distasteful.
He finds food in the trash and cries because of his own hunger.
Grete brings him food each day and cleans his room. She leaves a chair by the window for Gregor to look out the window.
“The Metamorphosis” ch 2
His mother and father won’t come in and Grete prides herself on being able to look after Gregor, but she doesn’t like the sight of him, so he hides under a sheet.
The family had been supported by Gregor’s job. Gregor wanted to help send Grete to music school.
Gregor’s new pastime is crawling the walls.
“The Metamorphosis” ch 2
While moving the furniture, Gregor shocks his mother, and is cut by a falling bottle. When the father comes home, he chases Gregor around the room, throwing apples at him. Gregor is injured.
Gregor loses consciousness with his mother crying at his side.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 3
3 months have passed, total. (1 since ch 2)
Mother, father and sister are all working and are in good health, but they are overworked. They begin to become indifferent to Gregor.
Gregor’s room is filthy as no one spends any time with him.
A char woman (maid of sorts) is hired to clean and she makes comments to Gregor.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 3
3 boarders are taken in and Grete plays for them. Gregor moves toward her music and the borders are disgusted.
They want to be rid of Gregor.
He returns to his room and dies there at 3 in the morning. The maid finds him dead. The body is taken away. The boarders are told to leave.
The family goes out for a walk.
“The Metamorphosis” Ch 3
The family decides to move. The parents look at Grete and mention about how she has changed.
No mention is made of Gregor or their loss.
Crime and Punishment short summaries
CP: Part Summaries
Part 1
Rask is introduced as a handsome young man; a former student and tutor who has quit the above because of lack of money and he doesn’t think his appearance is good enough to continue. He lives in a very small room alone, but has a mother and sister close by.
Part 1
The pawnbroker is introduced as an evil woman who takes advantage of others. R. is already planning her murder.
Marm’ is an alcoholic and out of work. He married Katerina who used to be very well off and has tb. Their oldest Sonia has been forced into prostitution to get money for the family. R. meets Marm in a bar.
Part 1
R. wants to break off Dounia’s wedding because he thinks she is doing it only as a sacrifice.
The mare beating dream seems to suggest to R that the murder of the pawnbroker is necessary. He has convinced himself that it will not be a crime but a necessity for humanity.
Part 1
He feels that criminals get caught because of “disease of will” that interferes with their ability to reason.
He plans the murder for 7, when Lizavetta is out of the apartment, but is half an hour late. He kills Alyona with an ax, freaks out a bit, takes her keys and looks for the money. Liz. Returns and he kills her, too. He escapes and immediately falls asleep at home.
Part 2
He is obsessed with what he should do with the money. Landlady appears with police (he thinks he’s caught), but it is for a summons to appear because he hasn’t paid rent.
He thinks he is being tricked into a confession and even hears discussion of the murder at the police station.
He becomes very ill and Razhumikin takes care of him.
Part 2
Zossimov comes to see R. He and Raz. Discuss the murder and say that the painters have been accused. R. becomes excited at this news, but the doctor thinks it’s because he has recovered.
Luzhin comes to speak with R. R. really shows his dislike of him and says he wants Dounia only so that she will be indebted to him.
Part 2
R gives up any thoughts of suicide and leaves the apartment. He meets Zametov, the police officer. They discuss the crimes, Z. refers to it as “amateur.”
He sees a woman attempt to drown herself at the bridge, but decides it isn’t a good enough death for him. He resolves to go and confess.
Marm has been run over by a carriage.
Part 3
R. says he won’t allow Dounia’s marriage. Zossimov decides that R. is not really insane.
Mom and Dounia visit R; R gives the ultimatum that it is either him or Luz.
Sonia comes to ask R to attend her father’s funeral. She is embarrassed when she realizes he gave Marm money.
Part 3
Porfiry asks R. about an article that he wrote about crime. He wrote that crime comes along with illness and that only extraordinary men can accomplish it.
Porfiry attempts to trick R.
He returns to the apartment to make sure there isn’t any evidence and then falls asleep. He has a dream that he strikes the pawnbroker, but she doesn’t die. Svid is there when he awakes.
Part 4
Dounia tells Luz to leave her. Raz. Defends Dounia and stays by her, suggesting his love for her.
Raz. Wants to start a publishing business.
Sonia is taunted by Ras, and here we see religious elements.
Part 4
The conflict between Ras and Porfiry continues. P. tries to convince R to confess his crime, using a lot of psychology.
Part 5
The reader hears a lot of socialist ideas from Lebeziatnikov.
Luzhin give 10 rubles for Marm’s family. Leb witnesses this. He also saw Luzhin put something else in Sonia’s pocket. Leb is not aware of Luzhin’s plan to scandalize Sonia.
Katerina host a funeral banquet for Marm. She is insulted by the guests who show up (or don’t show up). She acts ridiculously and insults her landlady.
Part 5
Luzhin accuses Sonia of stealing 100 rubles. Leb speaks on her behalf of what he saw. Luzhin leaves, a goblet is thrown that hits the landlady and Katerian is evicted.
R confesses the crime to Sonia. She promises to follow him to Siberia. He refuses to asks for forgiveness for his sins and won’t accept the “cross” she offers to him. Svid hears the conversation.
Part 5
Sonia finds her mother and siblings on the street. Katerina has lost her mind and is dancing and singing (forcing the kids to do so as well) for money.
Katerina collapses; Svid promises to pay for the children at an orphanage after Katerina dies.
R discovers that Svid knows his secret.
Part 6
Dounia received a letter from Svid.
Porfiry again visits and explains to r why the painters could not have done the crime. Porfiry tells R to confess.
R finds Svid in the tavern.
Svid confesses his past in regards to his marriage and Dounia. He discusses his fascination with children and his impending marriage to a 16 year old. He is still obsessed with Dounia.
Part 6
Svid tricks Dounia into coming to his apartment. Dounia grabs the gun and shoots him twice but misses. The 3rd time she realizes she cannot kill someone. Svid realizes there is no way she could ever really love him, gives her the key and lets her go.
Part 6
Svid gives money to Sonia for Siberia. He has a dream about a 5 year old. Then shoots himself and dies.
R visits mom and asks her to pray for him. He has decided to confess.
R accepts Sonia’s cross, goes to the police station, and Sonia follows him.
Epilogue
(added later by the author)
R and Sonia are in Siberia.
The trial is described. R told everything, even admitting to where he hid the money under the stone. They are amazed that he committed the crime, but didn’t use the money.
We learn of the positive aspects of R’s character, including the fact that he saved some children from a fire.
Epilogue
His sentence was 8 years servitude in Siberia.
Pulcheria becomes ill and, while Dounia hasn’t told her the truth, she does seem to “know” something of her son’s situation. She later dies.
Dounia married Raz.
Sonia and R will wait out his punishment. R. takes to the New Testament and looks back over his and Sonia’s past and future.
Part 1
Rask is introduced as a handsome young man; a former student and tutor who has quit the above because of lack of money and he doesn’t think his appearance is good enough to continue. He lives in a very small room alone, but has a mother and sister close by.
Part 1
The pawnbroker is introduced as an evil woman who takes advantage of others. R. is already planning her murder.
Marm’ is an alcoholic and out of work. He married Katerina who used to be very well off and has tb. Their oldest Sonia has been forced into prostitution to get money for the family. R. meets Marm in a bar.
Part 1
R. wants to break off Dounia’s wedding because he thinks she is doing it only as a sacrifice.
The mare beating dream seems to suggest to R that the murder of the pawnbroker is necessary. He has convinced himself that it will not be a crime but a necessity for humanity.
Part 1
He feels that criminals get caught because of “disease of will” that interferes with their ability to reason.
He plans the murder for 7, when Lizavetta is out of the apartment, but is half an hour late. He kills Alyona with an ax, freaks out a bit, takes her keys and looks for the money. Liz. Returns and he kills her, too. He escapes and immediately falls asleep at home.
Part 2
He is obsessed with what he should do with the money. Landlady appears with police (he thinks he’s caught), but it is for a summons to appear because he hasn’t paid rent.
He thinks he is being tricked into a confession and even hears discussion of the murder at the police station.
He becomes very ill and Razhumikin takes care of him.
Part 2
Zossimov comes to see R. He and Raz. Discuss the murder and say that the painters have been accused. R. becomes excited at this news, but the doctor thinks it’s because he has recovered.
Luzhin comes to speak with R. R. really shows his dislike of him and says he wants Dounia only so that she will be indebted to him.
Part 2
R gives up any thoughts of suicide and leaves the apartment. He meets Zametov, the police officer. They discuss the crimes, Z. refers to it as “amateur.”
He sees a woman attempt to drown herself at the bridge, but decides it isn’t a good enough death for him. He resolves to go and confess.
Marm has been run over by a carriage.
Part 3
R. says he won’t allow Dounia’s marriage. Zossimov decides that R. is not really insane.
Mom and Dounia visit R; R gives the ultimatum that it is either him or Luz.
Sonia comes to ask R to attend her father’s funeral. She is embarrassed when she realizes he gave Marm money.
Part 3
Porfiry asks R. about an article that he wrote about crime. He wrote that crime comes along with illness and that only extraordinary men can accomplish it.
Porfiry attempts to trick R.
He returns to the apartment to make sure there isn’t any evidence and then falls asleep. He has a dream that he strikes the pawnbroker, but she doesn’t die. Svid is there when he awakes.
Part 4
Dounia tells Luz to leave her. Raz. Defends Dounia and stays by her, suggesting his love for her.
Raz. Wants to start a publishing business.
Sonia is taunted by Ras, and here we see religious elements.
Part 4
The conflict between Ras and Porfiry continues. P. tries to convince R to confess his crime, using a lot of psychology.
Part 5
The reader hears a lot of socialist ideas from Lebeziatnikov.
Luzhin give 10 rubles for Marm’s family. Leb witnesses this. He also saw Luzhin put something else in Sonia’s pocket. Leb is not aware of Luzhin’s plan to scandalize Sonia.
Katerina host a funeral banquet for Marm. She is insulted by the guests who show up (or don’t show up). She acts ridiculously and insults her landlady.
Part 5
Luzhin accuses Sonia of stealing 100 rubles. Leb speaks on her behalf of what he saw. Luzhin leaves, a goblet is thrown that hits the landlady and Katerian is evicted.
R confesses the crime to Sonia. She promises to follow him to Siberia. He refuses to asks for forgiveness for his sins and won’t accept the “cross” she offers to him. Svid hears the conversation.
Part 5
Sonia finds her mother and siblings on the street. Katerina has lost her mind and is dancing and singing (forcing the kids to do so as well) for money.
Katerina collapses; Svid promises to pay for the children at an orphanage after Katerina dies.
R discovers that Svid knows his secret.
Part 6
Dounia received a letter from Svid.
Porfiry again visits and explains to r why the painters could not have done the crime. Porfiry tells R to confess.
R finds Svid in the tavern.
Svid confesses his past in regards to his marriage and Dounia. He discusses his fascination with children and his impending marriage to a 16 year old. He is still obsessed with Dounia.
Part 6
Svid tricks Dounia into coming to his apartment. Dounia grabs the gun and shoots him twice but misses. The 3rd time she realizes she cannot kill someone. Svid realizes there is no way she could ever really love him, gives her the key and lets her go.
Part 6
Svid gives money to Sonia for Siberia. He has a dream about a 5 year old. Then shoots himself and dies.
R visits mom and asks her to pray for him. He has decided to confess.
R accepts Sonia’s cross, goes to the police station, and Sonia follows him.
Epilogue
(added later by the author)
R and Sonia are in Siberia.
The trial is described. R told everything, even admitting to where he hid the money under the stone. They are amazed that he committed the crime, but didn’t use the money.
We learn of the positive aspects of R’s character, including the fact that he saved some children from a fire.
Epilogue
His sentence was 8 years servitude in Siberia.
Pulcheria becomes ill and, while Dounia hasn’t told her the truth, she does seem to “know” something of her son’s situation. She later dies.
Dounia married Raz.
Sonia and R will wait out his punishment. R. takes to the New Testament and looks back over his and Sonia’s past and future.
Frankenstein notes
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
Published in 1818; it was her first, and most famous, novel
She was vacationing with her husband, poet Percy Shelley and his friend Lord Byron, and she wrote the story as entertainment for them.
Background: Technology was beginning to take off, and this scared people. There is a struggle of men vs. women and money vs. lack of money, which also represent the time in which she lived.
Characters
Victor: the creator of the monster; spends most of his life trying to destroy what he regretted making almost immediately
The monster: is rejected by his creator and society, which pushes him towards revenge
Henry Clerval: Victor’s friend and helper; unaware of the monster and what Victor has done
Margaret Saville: sister to Robert; Robert writes to her
Characters
Robert Walton: explorer; He finds Victor near death, listens to his story and writes it to his sister.
Elizabeth: child raised by Victor’s family with Victor; marries Victor later
Alphonse: Victor’s father
Caroline: Victor’s mother who died when Victor was 17
Justine: Frankenstein family housekeeper and maid
Characters
M. de Lacy…Felix…Safie…family who has been exiled for treason…become monster’s “family”
Novel Basis
The novel is a Romantic one. This means the author has a focus on spiritual expansion and knowledge. It does NOT mean that there is romance and love in the book necessarily.
Confidence in what nature really is and free will to do what humans want to do are also Romantic notions.
The Letters
The letters from Robert to his sister serve to FRAME the novel. In other words, they set up the story ‘s beginning, but also allude to what will happen at the end.
In the letters, Robert says that he sees the man “of gigantic stature” and, thus, he begins his story.
Chapter 1
The reader is given background on Victor, his family, his father and his mother. Victor’s childhood is described, as well as how his parents met. Finally, we are told that the family adopts a little girl, who is Elizabeth, who will be raised with Victor as his cousin.
Chapter 2
The family settles in Geneva, Switzerland and the younger boy is born.
Henry Clerval is noted as Victor’s best friend.
Victor becomes interested in chemists and scientists like Agrippa. (Important as his interest in science is beginning.)
Victor sees the lightning storm that sets his mind in motion. (The catalyst of his plan.)
Chapter 3
Victor is ready to become a student at Ingolstadt University in Germany. Then his mother and Elizabeth get scarlet fever, and his mother dies. Victor finally sets off for school, with Elizabeth left to care for the family. (Significant for Victor’s first loss and dealings with death.)
Victor meets Krempe and Waldman, professors, and immediately likes Waldman.
Literary Devices
With the interest in science, the storm, and the university you can see the interest that 19th century society had in science. The Industrial Revolution was the beginning of these new thoughts and interests.
Romantic authors often focus on nature, even destructiveness of it, and what it can do to humans, like the storm with Victor.
Chapter 4
Victor focuses on chemistry. He decides to study whether life can be created from death via reanimation.
Victor becomes so absorbed that he shuts himself off from society (another Romantic notion and fear).
He loses touch with his family, doesn’t answer letters, and fails to contact them.
Themes
Technology can be evil (Romantic ideal).
Taking knowledge and using it for the wrong purposes is problematic.
Humans have to be the ones to control technology.
Allusion: Victor as Faust: Faust made a deal with the devil and was finally rescued by God.
Chapter 5
Victor brings his creation to life. He runs away when he sees the creature. (This will fuel the creature’s desire to “get” Victor.)
Henry finds Victor and they return to the apartment to find the monster gone.
Victor falls down ill because of his own guilt.
(This chapter is the first one that Shelley wrote. Ch 1-4 were added later…)
Chapter 6
Victor receives a letter from Elizabeth. He learns about Justine, the housekeeper, and how she has become like a member of the family.
Henry and Victor study together, mostly languages. )(Important because Victor rejects science.)
Chapter 7
Victor receives a letter telling him to return home immediately as William has been murdered.
2 years have passed since the creation of the monster.
Victor realizes his creation murdered his brother. Justine is accused. Victor doesn’t step forward because he knows she is innocent and thinks justice will prevail.
Chapter 8
The trial is held for Justine.
Victor appears helpless, and still says nothing about his monster.
Justine proclaims innocence, but is convicted of the murder. Justine gave a false confession, and goes to her death without fear. (She is shown as an innocent victim of Victor’s “passion.”
Justine’s character
People often wonder why Justine is such a martyr. Why does she admit to something she didn’t do and why is she so calm about it?
In reality, she did it so that she wouldn’t be thrown out of the church (Catholic),so she would be forgiven and sent to heaven. She goes to her death later that day.
Chapter 9
Victor is haunted by guilt.
He cannot rest or exist normally.
He leaves to try and gain some sense of himself again, but the guilt will continue to haunt him.
Victor’s return to nature is another Romantic notion. By going back to what is “real” he might be able to fix the bad that he has caused.
Chapter 10
Victor is faced with the monster on Mount Montanvert. Victor would like to fight him to the death, but instead listens to the monster’s story.
Victor follows the creature to his hut and listens to his story.
Chapters 11-16: Monster’s Story
The creature tells how hard life has been in trying to find food and shelter. He has watched the DeLacey family, and begins to care for them. He learns French by watching them.He even helps them with repairs and wood collecting, but always at night.
He tells also of the plight of the DeLacey family and how they were banned from France for helping a Turkish merchant. (He connects to them because he is also a man without a home.)
Chapters 11-16
The monster reads books that he found in the briefcase. (All of the books are Romantic in nature including Plutarch’s Lives and “Paradise Lost” by Milton.)
From Victor, the creature also learns about his own creation.
When the monster tries to show himself to the family, he is beaten by Felix.
Chapters 11-16
The monster waited for the family to leave, and then burned down their home. He then left and met William. He realized who William was and killed him, and then planted the locket on Justine.
The monster finally asks to have a mate.
Chapter 17
The monster says, “make me a mate or I will destroy you.”
Victor decides to make another creature. He has gotten himself so far into this situation that he doesn’t see any way out. This will cause Victor to again go into the depths of despair and guilt.
Chapter 18
Victor has returned to Geneva and is studying how to make the second creature.
He promises to marry Elizabeth, but pushes her off until he finishes with the creature’s mate.
He sets off with Henry on a trip, and he arrives in London in December.
Victor seems to do this because he knows the monster will follow. It’s a way to get it away from his family.
Chapter 19
Victor visits the scientists in London who have all the latest technological information.
Victor and Henry part in Scotland. He goes to Orkney Island to make the second creature.
Victor is disgusted not only with what he must do, but with the fact that he is the one who created this whole situation.
Chapter 20
He begins to make the second creature, but then destroys it in front of his first creature.
The monster threatens with, “I will be with you on your wedding night.” It’s an obvious threat.
He disposes of the body parts while on the water. When he returns to shore, he is arrested.
Chapter 21
Henry is found dead, and Victor is imprisoned.
Victor is released after magistrate Kirwin defends him. The time of the murder and Victor’s presence in his lab prove he couldn’t have murdered Henry.
Victor heads home. He never thought Henry was in danger and his guilt worsens.
Chapter 22-23
Victor arrives and tells Elizabeth that he is ready to marry her. They marry 10 days later.
Victor knows the monster will be there soon and recalls the threat that he made. While Victor is out, the monster slips in and kills Elizabeth. Victor shoots at the monster, but it flees.
Chapter 23-24
Victor searches out the monster. He senses that the monster is always close. (Like his guilt, the monster never leaves him.)
The chase begins in and around the Mediterranean and finally north through Russia. They are separated by ice that breaks. Explorer Robert Walton finds Victor. Victor tells him to continue the fight to destroy the creature if he cannot.
Ending Letters
Robert is the narrator for the rest of the story via his letters. Victor proves his story to Robert with the letters.
Robert is told by Victor that he [Robert]needs to continue his quest for the creature.
Victor wants to remain there, but Robert’s men want to return home.
Ending Letters
Victor dies and the creature breaks into where his body lies.
The creature tells his side of the story, but gets no sympathy from Robert. He says he has suffered because of Victor’s selfishness. He says Victor made it seem like the evil he did was good and that the creature was all evil.
What is
Ending Letters
The monster promises not to harm the people on the ship. He then jumps overboard and disappears.
The story ends with the last of these “frames” that tie up the story. Robert’s letters serve to confirm Victor’s story and make it all seem more believable.
The importance of Walton is to show that he has time to turn his ambition around and not let it control him like Victor did.
Literary Elements
Allusion: many references to other pieces of literature in this novel, especially Milton’s Paradise Lost.
Themes: Technology can be bad; The poor are often trampled upon; Sometimes things that appear good are actually evil; Sometimes men go too far in the quest for knowledge.
Literary Elements
Romantic writers: Focus on nature, human emotions, being compassionate, individual rights and freedoms, and free will. In the case of this novel, the monster is really the ideal of Romantic society. He bears the difficulties for all of the ills that have been done to him.
Literary Elements
Gothic: Gothic novels and anything Gothic focus on mystery, superstition, and the supernatural. There is an atmosphere and setting of gloom and doom (think misty, fog, covered hills and ponds). Anything gruesome, like raising the dead and using body parts, is certainly Gothic. Gothic writing was popular in the late1700s through the mid-1800s.
Published in 1818; it was her first, and most famous, novel
She was vacationing with her husband, poet Percy Shelley and his friend Lord Byron, and she wrote the story as entertainment for them.
Background: Technology was beginning to take off, and this scared people. There is a struggle of men vs. women and money vs. lack of money, which also represent the time in which she lived.
Characters
Victor: the creator of the monster; spends most of his life trying to destroy what he regretted making almost immediately
The monster: is rejected by his creator and society, which pushes him towards revenge
Henry Clerval: Victor’s friend and helper; unaware of the monster and what Victor has done
Margaret Saville: sister to Robert; Robert writes to her
Characters
Robert Walton: explorer; He finds Victor near death, listens to his story and writes it to his sister.
Elizabeth: child raised by Victor’s family with Victor; marries Victor later
Alphonse: Victor’s father
Caroline: Victor’s mother who died when Victor was 17
Justine: Frankenstein family housekeeper and maid
Characters
M. de Lacy…Felix…Safie…family who has been exiled for treason…become monster’s “family”
Novel Basis
The novel is a Romantic one. This means the author has a focus on spiritual expansion and knowledge. It does NOT mean that there is romance and love in the book necessarily.
Confidence in what nature really is and free will to do what humans want to do are also Romantic notions.
The Letters
The letters from Robert to his sister serve to FRAME the novel. In other words, they set up the story ‘s beginning, but also allude to what will happen at the end.
In the letters, Robert says that he sees the man “of gigantic stature” and, thus, he begins his story.
Chapter 1
The reader is given background on Victor, his family, his father and his mother. Victor’s childhood is described, as well as how his parents met. Finally, we are told that the family adopts a little girl, who is Elizabeth, who will be raised with Victor as his cousin.
Chapter 2
The family settles in Geneva, Switzerland and the younger boy is born.
Henry Clerval is noted as Victor’s best friend.
Victor becomes interested in chemists and scientists like Agrippa. (Important as his interest in science is beginning.)
Victor sees the lightning storm that sets his mind in motion. (The catalyst of his plan.)
Chapter 3
Victor is ready to become a student at Ingolstadt University in Germany. Then his mother and Elizabeth get scarlet fever, and his mother dies. Victor finally sets off for school, with Elizabeth left to care for the family. (Significant for Victor’s first loss and dealings with death.)
Victor meets Krempe and Waldman, professors, and immediately likes Waldman.
Literary Devices
With the interest in science, the storm, and the university you can see the interest that 19th century society had in science. The Industrial Revolution was the beginning of these new thoughts and interests.
Romantic authors often focus on nature, even destructiveness of it, and what it can do to humans, like the storm with Victor.
Chapter 4
Victor focuses on chemistry. He decides to study whether life can be created from death via reanimation.
Victor becomes so absorbed that he shuts himself off from society (another Romantic notion and fear).
He loses touch with his family, doesn’t answer letters, and fails to contact them.
Themes
Technology can be evil (Romantic ideal).
Taking knowledge and using it for the wrong purposes is problematic.
Humans have to be the ones to control technology.
Allusion: Victor as Faust: Faust made a deal with the devil and was finally rescued by God.
Chapter 5
Victor brings his creation to life. He runs away when he sees the creature. (This will fuel the creature’s desire to “get” Victor.)
Henry finds Victor and they return to the apartment to find the monster gone.
Victor falls down ill because of his own guilt.
(This chapter is the first one that Shelley wrote. Ch 1-4 were added later…)
Chapter 6
Victor receives a letter from Elizabeth. He learns about Justine, the housekeeper, and how she has become like a member of the family.
Henry and Victor study together, mostly languages. )(Important because Victor rejects science.)
Chapter 7
Victor receives a letter telling him to return home immediately as William has been murdered.
2 years have passed since the creation of the monster.
Victor realizes his creation murdered his brother. Justine is accused. Victor doesn’t step forward because he knows she is innocent and thinks justice will prevail.
Chapter 8
The trial is held for Justine.
Victor appears helpless, and still says nothing about his monster.
Justine proclaims innocence, but is convicted of the murder. Justine gave a false confession, and goes to her death without fear. (She is shown as an innocent victim of Victor’s “passion.”
Justine’s character
People often wonder why Justine is such a martyr. Why does she admit to something she didn’t do and why is she so calm about it?
In reality, she did it so that she wouldn’t be thrown out of the church (Catholic),so she would be forgiven and sent to heaven. She goes to her death later that day.
Chapter 9
Victor is haunted by guilt.
He cannot rest or exist normally.
He leaves to try and gain some sense of himself again, but the guilt will continue to haunt him.
Victor’s return to nature is another Romantic notion. By going back to what is “real” he might be able to fix the bad that he has caused.
Chapter 10
Victor is faced with the monster on Mount Montanvert. Victor would like to fight him to the death, but instead listens to the monster’s story.
Victor follows the creature to his hut and listens to his story.
Chapters 11-16: Monster’s Story
The creature tells how hard life has been in trying to find food and shelter. He has watched the DeLacey family, and begins to care for them. He learns French by watching them.He even helps them with repairs and wood collecting, but always at night.
He tells also of the plight of the DeLacey family and how they were banned from France for helping a Turkish merchant. (He connects to them because he is also a man without a home.)
Chapters 11-16
The monster reads books that he found in the briefcase. (All of the books are Romantic in nature including Plutarch’s Lives and “Paradise Lost” by Milton.)
From Victor, the creature also learns about his own creation.
When the monster tries to show himself to the family, he is beaten by Felix.
Chapters 11-16
The monster waited for the family to leave, and then burned down their home. He then left and met William. He realized who William was and killed him, and then planted the locket on Justine.
The monster finally asks to have a mate.
Chapter 17
The monster says, “make me a mate or I will destroy you.”
Victor decides to make another creature. He has gotten himself so far into this situation that he doesn’t see any way out. This will cause Victor to again go into the depths of despair and guilt.
Chapter 18
Victor has returned to Geneva and is studying how to make the second creature.
He promises to marry Elizabeth, but pushes her off until he finishes with the creature’s mate.
He sets off with Henry on a trip, and he arrives in London in December.
Victor seems to do this because he knows the monster will follow. It’s a way to get it away from his family.
Chapter 19
Victor visits the scientists in London who have all the latest technological information.
Victor and Henry part in Scotland. He goes to Orkney Island to make the second creature.
Victor is disgusted not only with what he must do, but with the fact that he is the one who created this whole situation.
Chapter 20
He begins to make the second creature, but then destroys it in front of his first creature.
The monster threatens with, “I will be with you on your wedding night.” It’s an obvious threat.
He disposes of the body parts while on the water. When he returns to shore, he is arrested.
Chapter 21
Henry is found dead, and Victor is imprisoned.
Victor is released after magistrate Kirwin defends him. The time of the murder and Victor’s presence in his lab prove he couldn’t have murdered Henry.
Victor heads home. He never thought Henry was in danger and his guilt worsens.
Chapter 22-23
Victor arrives and tells Elizabeth that he is ready to marry her. They marry 10 days later.
Victor knows the monster will be there soon and recalls the threat that he made. While Victor is out, the monster slips in and kills Elizabeth. Victor shoots at the monster, but it flees.
Chapter 23-24
Victor searches out the monster. He senses that the monster is always close. (Like his guilt, the monster never leaves him.)
The chase begins in and around the Mediterranean and finally north through Russia. They are separated by ice that breaks. Explorer Robert Walton finds Victor. Victor tells him to continue the fight to destroy the creature if he cannot.
Ending Letters
Robert is the narrator for the rest of the story via his letters. Victor proves his story to Robert with the letters.
Robert is told by Victor that he [Robert]needs to continue his quest for the creature.
Victor wants to remain there, but Robert’s men want to return home.
Ending Letters
Victor dies and the creature breaks into where his body lies.
The creature tells his side of the story, but gets no sympathy from Robert. He says he has suffered because of Victor’s selfishness. He says Victor made it seem like the evil he did was good and that the creature was all evil.
What is
Ending Letters
The monster promises not to harm the people on the ship. He then jumps overboard and disappears.
The story ends with the last of these “frames” that tie up the story. Robert’s letters serve to confirm Victor’s story and make it all seem more believable.
The importance of Walton is to show that he has time to turn his ambition around and not let it control him like Victor did.
Literary Elements
Allusion: many references to other pieces of literature in this novel, especially Milton’s Paradise Lost.
Themes: Technology can be bad; The poor are often trampled upon; Sometimes things that appear good are actually evil; Sometimes men go too far in the quest for knowledge.
Literary Elements
Romantic writers: Focus on nature, human emotions, being compassionate, individual rights and freedoms, and free will. In the case of this novel, the monster is really the ideal of Romantic society. He bears the difficulties for all of the ills that have been done to him.
Literary Elements
Gothic: Gothic novels and anything Gothic focus on mystery, superstition, and the supernatural. There is an atmosphere and setting of gloom and doom (think misty, fog, covered hills and ponds). Anything gruesome, like raising the dead and using body parts, is certainly Gothic. Gothic writing was popular in the late1700s through the mid-1800s.
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
Citing presentation
Citing for Dummies
A Smithified version of MLA (Modern Language Association) citing and rules and all that
Why and What?
In English and other related courses like history, we cite using MLA documentation. Other courses will require that you use APA, Chicago, or even an obscure one like Turabian. Just be prepared in college to look up how to do it.
This means we have in text or parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page.
In Text
Whenever you use a source in your paper, you must give credit.
As a rule, you do not have to cite common information like George Washington was the first President.
We always cite when you have paraphrased into your own words but you still used a source or when you use a direct quotation.
Cite by author’s last name and the page number. Example: “The war began in the Crimea on April 22, 1897” (Mayfield 23).
In Text
Quotes: Use these sparingly. If you choose a direct quote, use it because the words are smooth and it makes a clear point. Don’t just drop a quote in and then not use or explain it.
Avoid using a quote at the end of a paragraph that you don’t analyze or explain.
When quoting, the citation must come at the end of the sentence that used the quote.
In Text
When paraphrasing and summarizing from a source that YOU HAVE PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS, you may simply cite at the end of the paragraph.
If you have used more than one source in a paragraph, cite the first one when you are done with it and then cite the second. You CANNOT cite back to back citations.
Do not cite huge amounts of pages together. A citation should be for just a few pages. Example: (Brown 22-25) NOT (Brown 1-98)
Examples
The issue of crime in the United States is rampant. In Detroit alone in 2005, there were 52 murders in the months of September and October (Smith 23). However, in New York City the same type of crime has been “all but abominated as the police have made this their complete focus” (Jones 122-123).
Author Tag
You may tag the author’s name. If this is done, be sure there is a reason to do so, like the person is famous or a well known critic. Don’t tag too often as names can get tedious.
Ex: India’s Premier Golda Meir is credited with saying, “Peace is a lofty goal, but one that must be achieved” (233).
This has the author’s name in the sentence, so it can be left off the citation.
Connecting the Two
If you have an in text citation, then that source must appear on the Works Cited page.
If there is no author, then use the title of the book, encyclopedia, magazine or web site.
Web sources do not use a page number, so those would be left off, too.
Works Cited
All sources used go here.
In alpha order.
Reverse indentation.
Look at my example page…
Other Stuff
Block quotes: for 4+ lines; ONLY if a good reason; only once per paper; this means the original has more than 4 lines, not that you just want it to be.
Ellipses: Use …to show that you have left out words from a quote or source
Adding words to a quote: You can add words to a quote using brackets [ ]. This would be for making the sentence sound better or be more grammatically correct.
Other Stuff cont.
If you find an error in grammar, there is a way to show that the error is not in your writing, but that it appeared in the original. Example: “The governnment [sic] put the law into effect in 2000” (Smith 221).
What’s the error in each of the following in text citations?
In the fall of 2001, there were approximately “211,334 soldiers serving during any one six month period in Korea while only 12 percent of these soldiers were married (Jones page 99).”
Mary Whitt wrote that “the rates for underage driving in the state are nearly fifty percent” (Whitt 22-87).
There are forty nine states in the United States (Sanders, page 87-89).
The corrections
“...were married” (Jones 99).
“…nearly fifty percent” (29).
…forty nine states [sic] in the United States (Sanders 87-89).
Where are the errors on this Works Cited?
Works Cited
Bell, James. The Significance of the War. New York, 2001.Print.
Abraham, Beth. “Thomas Jefferson.” Jeffersonian Topics. August 2002. Online. January 5, 2010.
Williams, Nathan. “Civil War politics.” Gale Encyclopedia. Volume 2. James Smith, editor. Houghton Publishers, 2005.
The corrections (Do NOT include bullets on your WC.)
Abraham, Beth. “Thomas Jefferson.” Jeffersonian Topics. August 2002. Online. January 5, 2010.
Bell, James. The Significance of the War.” New York: Page Publishers, 2001. Print.
Williams, Nathan. “Civil War Politics.” Gale Encyclopedia. Volume 2. James Smith, editor. Boston: Houghton Publishers, 2005.
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